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Social and emotional impact of diabetic retinopathy: A review

机译：糖尿病视网膜病变的社会和情感影响：综述

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摘要

People with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy are likely to experience enhanced social and emotional strain. Critically, those with both vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy and psychosocial problems may have significantly reduced levels of functioning compared with psychologically healthy counterparts. This can cause inadequate compliance, increased strain on family functioning, worse diabetes control, increased progression of diabetic retinopathy and, consequently, further psychosocial stress resulting in a number of concerning implications for disease management, clinical outcomes and healthcare costs. However, the emotional and social health consequences of diabetic retinopathy have not yet been systematically explored. This information is crucial as it allows for a targeted approach to treatment and prevention and avoidance of the potentially detrimental implications described above. Therefore, this paper reviews the current qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding the social and emotional impact of diabetic retinopathy and identifies directions for future research. Key search terms were applied to the electronic databases Pubmed, ISI Web of Science and Embase and the bibliographies of relevant papers were systematically reviewed for additional references. Overall, the evidence suggests that diabetic retinopathy and associated vision loss have several debilitating effects, including disruption of family functioning, relationships and roles; increased social isolation and dependence; and deterioration of work prospects resulting in increased financial strain. Adverse emotional responses include fear, anxiety, vulnerability, guilt, loss of confidence, anger, stress and self-perception issues. However, the research to date is largely qualitative in nature, with most quantitative studies being small, cross-sectional and somewhat outdated. Similarly, the outcome measures used in many studies to date are suboptimal in terms of content and validity. Therefore, this review identifies the need for improved outcome measures to provide valid, meaningful measurement of the social and emotional impact of diabetic retinopathy and discusses potential directions for future research such as item banking and computer adaptive testing.
机译：患有视力障碍的糖尿病性视网膜病的人可能会经历增强的社交和情感压力。至关重要的是，那些患有视力障碍的糖尿病性视网膜病变和心理社会问题的人与心理健康的人相比，其功能水平可能大大降低。这可能会导致依从性不足，家庭功能负担增加，糖尿病控制更差，糖尿病性视网膜病变的进展增加，因此，进一步的社会心理压力导致对疾病管理，临床结果和医疗保健费用的许多关注。然而，尚未对糖尿病性视网膜病的情绪和社会健康后果进行系统研究。该信息至关重要，因为它允许针对性地进行治疗和预防，并避免上述潜在的有害影响。因此，本文回顾了有关糖尿病性视网膜病的社会和情感影响的现有定性和定量证据，并确定了未来研究的方向。将关键搜索词应用于电子数据库Pubmed，ISI Web of Science和Embase，并系统地审查了相关论文的参考书目，以获取其他参考。总体而言，有证据表明，糖尿病性视网膜病和相关的视力丧失具有多种使人衰弱的作用，包括家庭功能，关系和角色的破坏。日益增加的社会隔离和依赖性;工作前景恶化，导致财务压力增加。不良的情绪反应包括恐惧，焦虑，脆弱，内，失去信心，愤怒，压力和自我感知问题。但是，迄今为止的研究本质上是定性的，大多数定量研究规模小，横截面大，有些过时。同样，迄今为止，许多研究中使用的结果指标在内容和有效性方面都不理想。因此，本综述确定了需要改进结果指标以对糖尿病性视网膜病的社会和情感影响进行有效，有意义的测量的必要性，并讨论了未来研究的潜在方向，例如项目库存和计算机自适应测试。

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