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Historical climatology in Europe - the state of the art.

机译：欧洲的历史气候-最新技术。

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摘要

This paper discusses the state of European research in historical climatology. This field of science and an overview of its development are described in detail. Special attention is given to the documentary evidence used for data sources, including its drawbacks and advantages. Further, methods and significant results of historical-climatological research, mainly achieved since 1990, are presented. The main focus concentrates on data, methods, definitions of the "Medieval Warm Period" and the "Little Ice Age", synoptic interpretation of past climates, climatic anomalies and natural disasters, and the vulnerability of economies and societies to climate as well as images and social representations of past weather and climate. The potential of historical climatology for climate modelling research is discussed briefly. Research perspectives in historical climatology are formulated with reference to data, methods, interdisciplinarity and impacts..
机译：本文讨论了欧洲在历史气候学方面的研究现状。详细介绍了该科学领域及其发展概况。特别注意用于数据源的文件证据，包括其缺点和优点。此外，介绍了自1990年以来主要实现的历史气候研究方法和重要成果。主要重点在于数据，方法，“中世纪暖期”和“小冰河时代”的定义，对过去气候，气候异常和自然灾害的概要解释以及经济和社会对气候的脆弱性以及图像以及过去天气和气候的社会表征。简要讨论了历史气候学在气候模拟研究中的潜力。参照数据，方法，学科间和影响来阐述历史气候学的研究观点。

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