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Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation

机译：评估气候变化脆弱性和促进适应的理论和实践

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摘要

We discuss approaches to the assessment of vulnerability to climate variability and change and attempt to clarify the relationship between the concepts of vulnerability and adaptation. In search of a robust, policy-relevant framework, we define vulnerability in terms of the capacity of individuals and social groups to respond to, that is, to cope with, recover from or adapt to, any external stress placed on their livelihoods and well-being. The approach that we develop places the social and economic well-being of society at the centre of the analysis, focussing on the socio-economic and institutional constraints that limit the capacity to respond. From this perspective, the vulnerability or security of any group is determined by resource availability and by the entitlement of individuals and groups to call on these resources. We illustrate the application of this approach through the results of field research in coastal Vietnam, highlighting shifting patterns of vulnerability to tropical storm impacts at the household- and community-level in response to the current process of economic renovation and drawing conclusions concerning means of supporting the adaptive response to climate stress. Four priorities for action are identified that would improve the situation of the most exposed members of many communities: poverty reduction; risk-spreading through income diversification; respecting common property management rights; and promoting collective security. A sustainable response, we argue, must also address the underlying causes of social vulnerability, including the inequitable distribution of resources.
机译：我们讨论了评估气候易变性和变化的脆弱性的方法，并试图阐明脆弱性和适应性概念之间的关系。为了寻求一个强有力的，与政策相关的框架，我们根据个人和社会群体应对，应对，恢复或适应其生计和福利方面的任何外部压力的能力来定义脆弱性。 -存在。我们开发的方法将社会的社会和经济福祉作为分析的中心，着重于限制响应能力的社会经济和体制约束。从这个角度来看，任何组的漏洞或安全性都取决于资源的可用性以及个人和组调用这些资源的权利。我们通过越南沿海地区的实地研究结果说明了该方法的应用，重点介绍了应对当前经济改革进程的家庭和社区一级对热带风暴影响的脆弱性转变模式，并得出了有关支持手段的结论对气候压力的适应性反应。确定了四个优先行动，这些优先事项将改善许多社区中最易受影响的成员的状况：减贫;减贫;减贫;和通过收入多样化分散风险;尊重共同财产管理权;和促进集体安全。我们认为，可持续的对策还必须解决社会脆弱性的根本原因，包括资源分配不均。

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