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首页> 外文期刊>Climatic Change >Current state and trends in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems: I. Primary production
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Current state and trends in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems: I. Primary production

机译：加拿大北极海洋生态系统的现状和趋势：I.初级生产

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摘要

During the International Polar Year (IPY), large international research programs provided a unique opportunity for assessing the current state and trends in major components of arctic marine ecosystems at an exceptionally wide spatio-temporal scale: sampling covered most regions of the Canadian Arctic (IPY-Canada's Three Oceans project), and the coastal and offshore areas of the southeastern Beaufort Sea were monitored over almost a full year (IPY-Circumpolar Flaw Lead project). The general goal of these projects was to improve our understanding of how the response of arctic marine ecosystems to climate warming will alter the productivity and structure of the food web and the ecosystem services it provides to Northerners. The present paper summarizes and discusses six key findings related to primary production (PP), which determines the amount of food available to consumers. (1) Offshore, the warming and freshening of the surface layer is leading to the displacement of large nanophytoplankton species by small picophytoplankton cells, with potentially profound bottom-up effects within the marine food web. (2) In coastal areas, PP increases as favourable winds and the deeper seaward retreat of ice promote upwelling. (3) Multiple upwelling events repeatedly provide food to herbivores throughout the growth season. (4) A substantial amount of pelagic PP occurs under thinning ice and cannot be detected by orbiting sensors. (5) Early PP in the spring does not imply a trophic mismatch with key herbivores. (6) The epipelagic ecosystem is very efficient at retaining carbon in surface waters and preventing its sedimentation to the benthos. While enhanced PP could result in increased fish and marine mammal harvests for Northerners, it will most likely be insufficient for sustainable large-scale commercial fisheries in the Canadian Arctic.
机译：在国际极地年（IPY）期间，大型国际研究计划为以极高的时空尺度评估北极海洋生态系统主要组成部分的现状和趋势提供了独特的机会：采样覆盖了加拿大北极地区的大部分地区（IPY -加拿大的“三大洋”项目）以及博福特海东南部的沿海和近海区域都进行了将近一年的监控（IPY-极地极瑕疵铅项目）。这些项目的总体目标是增进我们对北极海洋生态系统对气候变暖的反应将如何改变食物网的生产力和结构以及向北方人提供的生态系统服务的了解。本文总结并讨论了与初级生产（PP）有关的六个主要发现，这些主要发现决定了消费者可获得的食物数量。 （1）在近海，表层的变暖和新鲜化导致小型浮游植物细胞取代了大型纳米浮游植物，对海洋食物网产生了深远的自下而上的影响。 （2）在沿海地区，随着有利的风和冰向海的更深撤退促进上升，PP会增加。 （3）在整个生长季节，多次上升事件反复为食草动物提供食物。 （4）在稀薄的冰层下会产生大量的浮游性PP，并且不能被轨道传感器检测到。 （5）春季的早期PP并不意味着主要草食动物的营养失配。 （6）上层生态系统在将碳保留在地表水中并防止其沉积到底栖生物方面非常有效。虽然提高PP可能会增加北方人的鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的收成，但对于加拿大北极地区可持续的大规模商业性渔业来说，这很可能是不足的。

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