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Direct impacts of alternative energy scenarios on water demand in the Middle East and North Africa

机译：替代能源情景对中东和北非的水需求的直接影响

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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region stands out globally both for the immensity of its energy resources, and the paucity of its freshwater resources. Most energy extraction and conversion technologies have associated freshwater demand, and in the MENA region these account for 2 % of the available sustainable supply. We examine how this demand could change over the 21st century, assuming growth in population and economic output, and considering three alternative pathways for energy efficiency, carbon intensity, and energy exports from the region. We find that in the pathway marked by improved efficiency, a transition to renewable energy sources, and declining energy exports, water consumption for energy is twice as high as today's values by the end of the century. By contrast, in the pathway marked by continued commitment to fossil resource extraction, use, and export, water demand for energy might rise by a factor of five. If the region were to maintain high levels of energy exports, but would substitute the export of fossil fuels by an equivalent amount of electricity derived from sunlight, a freshwater volume comparable to the household needs of up to 195 million people could be saved.
机译：中东和北非（MENA）地区在能源资源的丰富性和淡水资源的匮乏方面均在全球脱颖而出。大多数能源提取和转换技术都有相关的淡水需求，在中东和北非地区，这些占可用可持续供应的2％。我们假设人口和经济产出增长，并考虑了该地区能源效率，碳强度和能源出口的三种替代途径，研究了21世纪需求的变化。我们发现，在以提高效率，向可再生能源过渡和能源出口下降为标志的道路上，到本世纪末，能源用水量是当今价值的两倍。相比之下，在对化石资源的开采，使用和出口的持续承诺所标志的途径中，能源的水需求可能会增加五倍。如果该地区保持高水平的能源出口，但用等量的太阳光发电代替化石燃料的出口，则可节省相当于多达1.95亿人家庭需求的淡水量。

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