Contraction and convergence: an assessment of the CCOptions model

Bows Alice; Anderson Kevin

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Contraction and convergence: an assessment of the CCOptions model

机译：收缩与收敛：CCOptions模型的评估

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Well before President Putin ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the debate had begun as to the appropriate form of any post-Kyoto agreement. Amongst the emission reduction regimes being considered is that of Contraction and Convergence; conceived by GlobalCommons Institute (GCI) as a practical interpretation of the philosophy that every adult on the planet has an equal right to emit greenhouse gases. To support the Contraction and Convergence regime, the GCI have developed a computer model, CCOptions, tocorrelate CO stabilisation levels with global, regional and national carbon reduction targets. This paper analyses the model, concluding that, whilst the aim of CCOptions is laudable, the application of the model in its current form is unnecessarily ambitious and as a consequence potentially misleading to all but the well-informed user.

机译：在普京总统批准《京都议定书》之前，关于任何后京都协议的适当形式的辩论已经开始。在考虑减少排放的制度中，有收缩和收敛制度。由GlobalCommons Institute（GCI）提出，是对地球上每个成年人都有平等的排放温室气体权的哲学的实际解释。为了支持收缩和收敛机制，GCI开发了计算机模型CCOptions，以使CO稳定水平与全球，区域和国家的碳减排目标相关联。本文分析了该模型，得出结论，尽管CCOptions的目标值得称赞，但以当前形式应用该模型不必要地雄心勃勃，因此可能会误导所有知情的用户。

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《Climatic Change》 |2008年第4期|共16页
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Bows Alice; Anderson Kevin;
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1. Contraction and convergence: an assessment of the CCOptions model [J] . Bows Alice, Anderson Kevin Climatic Change . 2008,第3a4期

机译：收缩与收敛：CCOptions模型的评估
2. Strong convergence theorem of a new iterative method for weak contractions and comparison of the rate of convergence in Banach space [J] . Kosol Somchai Advances in Fixed Point Theory . 2018,第3期

机译：一种新的弱收缩迭代方法的强收敛定理和Banach空间中收敛速度的比较
3. Assessment of novel nature-inspired fuzzy models for predicting long contraction scouring and related uncertainties [J] . Sharafati Ahmad, Haghbin Masoud, Torabi Mohammadamin, Frontiers of structural and civil engineering . 2021,第3期

机译：评估新的自然启发模糊模型，以预测长收缩污染及相关不确定性
4. Intraventricular Dyssynchrony Assessment Using Regional Contraction from LV Motion Models [C] . Avan Suinesiaputra, Brett R. Cowan, David A. Bluemke, International conference on functional imaging and modeling of the heart . 2013

机译：使用LV运动模型的区域收缩进行心室内不同步评估
5. Dynamic cortical actin contractions during convergence and extension of frog embryo [D] . Kim, Hye Young 2011

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6. Psychometric Assessment of the Persian Version of the Revised Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey in Young Adults with Convergence Insufficiency [O] . Payam Nabovati, Mohammad Kamali, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, 2020

机译：收敛不足的年轻成年人经修订收敛功能症状调查的波斯版的心理测量评估
7. MODERATED EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal strain assessment in dilated cardiomyopathy patients using a novel accelerated DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1 and T2 cardiac quantification with CABIRIA: initial clinical experience1423Head-to-head comparison of acceleration algorithms in 4-dimensional flow CMR1502Left ventricular function and size evaluated by hybrid cardiac positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance: Intraindividual comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular volumes derived by two modalities1510Left Atrium assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance at 1.5 and 3 Tesla – age and gender effects1514Comparison of Free Breathing Cardiac MRI Radial technique to the Standard Multi breath-hold cine SSFP CMR technique for the assessment of LV Volumes and Function1536Self-navigated free-breathing isotropic 3D whole heart phase sensitive inversion recovery magnetic resonance without navigator for detection of myocardial infarction1547Assessment of Right Ventricular Strain Using Myocardial Deformation Recovery Semi Automated Technique: Initial Experience and Normal Values1586Tissue tracking myocardial deformation analysis and prediction of left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction1589Investigating strategies for optimal 31P MRS clinical cardiac at 3T: Initial Results1620Quantitative Criteria for the Diagnosis of the Congenital Absence of Pericardium by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance1632Widespread tissue injury during acute myocardial infarction: evidence from advanced CMR relaxometry1322Computed tomography coronary angiography verSus sTRess cArdiac magneTic rEsonance for the manaGement of sYmptomatic revascularized patients: a cost effectiveness study (STRATEGY study)1339Comparison of low- versus high-dose of gadobutrol for late gadolinium enhancement imaging at 1.5 Tesla: a clinical feasibility study1347Multi-parametric Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Prediction of Cardiac Complications in Thalassemia Intermedia: a Prospective Multicenter Study1461Prognostic value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance derived indexes of myocardial fibrosis in heart transplant recipients1523The role of CMR in the acute phase of hospitalization: changing paradigms1542Preoperative CMR-based score predict ventricular response after surgical left ventricular reconstruction in ischemic heart failure patients1555Excellent response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy guided with magnetic resonance imaging1626The ECG as a predictor of arrhythmogenic substrate on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in patients undergoing ablation for premature ventricular contractions1649Comparison of T1-mapping at 3.0T CMR and angiographic APPROACH score for area at risk assessment in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction1340Pathological correlates of left bundle branch disease in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1342Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis in nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance1411The association between fibrosis and contractile dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance1622Persistent myocardial inflammation due to intramyocardial haemorrhage in reperfused STEMI as a precursor to adverse LV remodelling - insights from multi-parametric mapping1566Semiquantitative analysis of low and high b value DWI for detecting myocardial edema in acute myocarditis1567Value of Cardiac MRI In Detecting Coronary Artery Disease In Newly Diagnosed Systolic Dysfunction1570Usefulness of cardiac magnetic resonance in tuberous sclerosis complex1578Papillary muscles offer further insight into hypertrophied hearts: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study1627Diagnostic and clinical implications of CMR timing (early versus late) in patients with troponin positive acute coronary syndromes and unobstructed coronary arteries: Table 1. [O] . Upasana Tayal, Alexandros Kallifatidis, P. Garg, 2016

机译：在使用新的扩张型心肌病的患者缓和EPOSTERS1385Longitudinal应变评估加速DENSE sequence1407Simultaneous T1和T2与CABIRIA心脏定量：在4维流动的加速算法初始临床experience1423Head对头比较CMR1502Left心室功能和尺寸由混合心脏正电子发射断层摄影术评价 - 磁性共振：由两个modalities1510Left庭派生左室射血分数和心室体积的个体间的比较，在1.5和3特斯拉评估心血管磁共振 - 免费的年龄和性别effects1514Comparison呼吸心脏MRI径向技术标准的多屏气电影SSFP CMR技术的LV卷和Function1536Self-导航自由呼吸各向同性3D整个心脏相位敏感反转恢复磁共振导航仪没有检测右Ventricu心肌infarction1547Assessment的评估拉尔菌株使用心肌变形恢复半自动技术：初步经验和正常Values1586Tissue跟踪心肌变形分析和预测左室重构急性心肌infarction1589Investigating策略优化31P MRS临床心脏在3T：初始Results1620Quantitative标准的先天缺失的诊断心包心脏磁Resonance1632Widespread组织损伤急性心肌梗死时：证据先进CMR relaxometry1322Computed CT冠状动脉成像与压力心脏磁共振对症的管理吻合血管患者：成本效益研究（战略研究）1339Comparison低与高剂量钆布醇在1.5特斯拉晚钆增强成像的临床可行性，在中间型地贫心脏并发症的预测study1347Multi参数心脏核磁共振的前瞻性德穆尔心血管磁共振的ticenter Study1461Prognostic价值衍生心肌纤维化指标在住院的急性期CMR的心脏移植recipients1523The作用：改变基于CMR-paradigms1542Preoperative比分预测缺血性心脏衰竭patients1555Excellent响应速度外科左心室重建心脏再同步化后心室反应治疗与磁共振imaging1626The ECG导引作为心脏磁共振成像致心律失常性基板的在ST段抬高心肌infarction1340Pathological在风险评估经历在3.0T CMR T1映射的室性早搏contractions1649Comparison和血管造影APPROACH分数区域消融患者的预测左束支传导疾病的患者与非缺血性心肌病相关因素：心血管磁共振study1342Myocardial重塑和纤维化nonischaemic扩张型心肌病：在从在由心血管磁性resonance1622Persistent心肌炎症评估肥厚型心肌病的纤维化和收缩功能障碍之间心血管磁性resonance1411The协会由于心肌内出血景点在再灌注STEMI为先导，以不利的LV重塑 - 从低的多参数mapping1566Semiquantitative分析和高的b值DWI的见解为在心脏MRI检测冠状动脉疾病急性myocarditis1567Value在结节性硬化症complex1578Papillary肌肉初诊收缩期Dysfunction1570Usefulness心脏磁共振检测心肌水肿提供进一步的深入了解肥大心脏：心血管磁共振study1627Diagnostic和CMR定时的临床意义（早期与晚）患者肌钙蛋白阳性的急性冠脉综合征和通畅的冠状动脉：表1。

Contraction and convergence: an assessment of the CCOptions model

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