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Climate change impacts on ecosystems and ecosystem services in the United States: process and prospects for sustained assessment

机译：气候变化对美国生态系统和生态系统服务的影响：持续评估的过程和前景

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The third United States National Climate Assessment emphasized an evaluation of not just the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems, but also the impacts of climate change on the benefits that people derive from nature, known as ecosystem services. The ecosystems, biodiversity, and ecosystem services component of the assessment largely drew upon the findings of a transdisciplinary workshop aimed at developing technical input for the assessment, involving participants from diverse sectors. A small author team distilled and synthesized this and hundreds of other technical input to develop the key findings of the assessment. The process of developing and ranking key findings hinged on identifying impacts that had particular, demonstrable effects on the U.S. public via changes in national ecosystem services. Findings showed that ecosystem services are threatened by the impacts of climate change on water supplies, species distributions and phenology, as well as multiple assaults on ecosystem integrity that, when compounded by climate change, reduce the capacity of ecosystems to buffer against extreme events. As ecosystems change, such benefits as water sustainability and protection from storms that are afforded by intact ecosystems are projected to decline across the continent due to climate change. An ongoing, sustained assessment that focuses on the co-production of actionable climate science will allow scientists from a range of disciplines to ascertain the capability of their forecasting models to project environmental and ecological change and link it to ecosystem services; additionally, an iterative process of evaluation, development of management strategies, monitoring, and reevaluation will increase the applicability and usability of the science by the U.S. public.
机译：第三次美国国家气候评估强调不仅要评估气候变化对物种和生态系统的影响，而且要评估气候变化对人们从自然界获得的利益（即生态系统服务）的影响。评估中的生态系统，生物多样性和生态系统服务部分主要借鉴了跨学科讲习班的调查结果，该讲习班旨在为评估提供技术投入，参与人员来自各个部门。一个小型的作者团队总结并综合了这一点以及数百种其他技术投入，以得出评估的关键结论。对主要发现进行开发和排名的过程取决于确定通过国家生态系统服务的变化对美国公众产生特别明显影响的影响。研究结果表明，气候变化对水供应，物种分布和物候学的影响以及对生态系统完整性的多重攻击使生态系统服务受到威胁，而气候变化加剧了生态系统完整性的攻击，降低了生态系统缓冲极端事件的能力。随着生态系统的变化，由于气候变化，预计整个非洲大陆将减少诸如水的可持续性和免受完整生态系统提供的风暴等好处。一项持续不断的评估，侧重于可采取行动的气候科学的联合生产，将使各学科的科学家能够确定其预测模型预测环境和生态变化并将其与生态系统服务联系起来的能力;此外，评估，管理策略的制定，监视和重新评估的迭代过程将提高美国公众对科学的适用性和可用性。

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