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Networking for High Energy and Nuclear Physics

机译：高能与核物理网络

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摘要

This report gives an overview of the status and outlook for the world's research networks and major international links used by the high energy physics and other scientific communities, network technology advances on which our community depends and in which we have an increasingly important role, and the problem of the Digital Divide, which is a primary focus of ICFA's Standing Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity (SCIC). Wide area networks of sufficient, and rapidly increasing end-to-end capability are vital for every phase of high energy physicists' work. Our bandwidth usage, and the typical capacity of the major national backbones and intercontinental links used by our field have progressed by a factor of more than 1000 over the past decade, and the outlook is for a similar increase over the next decade. This striking exponential growth trend, outstripping the growth rates in other areas of information technology, has continued in the past year, with many of the major national, continental and transoceanic networks supporting research and education progressing from a 10 Gigabits/sec (Gbps) backbone to multiple 10 Gbps links in their core. This is complemented by the use of point-to-point "light paths" to support the most demanding applications, including high energy physics, in a growing list of cases. As we approach the era of LHC physics, the growing need to access and transport Terabyte-scale and later 10 to 100 Terabyte datasets among more than 100 "Tier1" and "Tier2" centers at universities and laboratories spread throughout the world has brought the key role of networks, and the ongoing need for their development, sharply into focus. Bandwidth itself on an increasing scale is not enough. Realizing the scientific wealth of the LHC and our other major scientific programs depends crucially on our ability to use the bandwidth efficiently and reliably, with reliable high rates of data throughput, and effectively, where many parallel large-scale data transfers serving the community complete with high probability, often while coexisting with many other streams of network traffic. Responding to these needs, and to the scientific mission, physicists working with network engineers and computer scientists have made substantial progress in the development of protocols and systems that promise to meet these needs, placing our community among the world leaders in the development as well as use of large-scale networks. A great deal of work remains, and is continuing. As we advance in these areas, often (as in the past year) with great rapidity, there is a growing danger that we will leave behind our collaborators in regions with less-developed networks, or with regulatory frameworks or business models that put the required networks financially out of reach. This threatens to further open the Digital Divide that already exists among the regions of the world. In 2002, the SCIC recognized the threat that this Divide represents to our global scientific collaborations, and since that time has worked assiduously to reduce or eliminate it; both within our community, and more broadly in the world research community of which HEP is a part. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：本报告概述了高能物理和其他科学界所使用的世界研究网络和主要国际联系的现状和前景，网络技术的发展是我们社区所依赖的，并且我们在其中发挥着越来越重要的作用，以及数字鸿沟问题，这是ICFA区域间连通性常设委员会（SCIC）的主要重点。具有足够的，快速增长的端到端能力的广域网对于高能物理学家工作的每个阶段都是至关重要的。在过去的十年中，我们的带宽使用以及主要的国家骨干网和洲际链路的典型容量已经增长了1000倍以上，并且在下一个十年中，这种增长的趋势预计也是如此。在过去的一年中，这种惊人的指数增长趋势超过了信息技术其他领域的增长速度，许多主要的国家，大陆和越洋网络都支持从10 Gb / sec（Gbps）骨干网络发展的研究和教育。到其核心中的多个10 Gbps链路。在越来越多的情况下，通过使用点对点“光路”来支持最苛刻的应用（包括高能物理）来补充这一点。随着LHC物理时代的到来，对遍及全球的100多个“ Tier1”和“ Tier2”中心中访问和传输TB级数据集以及后来的10至100 TB数据集的需求日益增长，这带来了关键网络的角色以及对网络不断发展的需求已成为焦点。带宽本身的增长规模还不够。实现大型强子对撞机和我们其他主要科学计划的科学财富，关键取决于我们能否有效，可靠地使用带宽，可靠的高数据吞吐率以及有效地使用许多并行的大规模数据传输来为社区服务的能力。通常与其他许多网络流量流同时存在。为响应这些需求和科学使命，与网络工程师和计算机科学家合作的物理学家在开发有望满足这些需求的协议和系统方面取得了长足的进步，使我们的社区跻身于世界领先的开发和使用大型网络。大量工作仍在继续进行。随着我们在这些领域中的发展（通常与去年一样）迅速发展，存在越来越大的危险，那就是我们会抛弃那些网络欠发达，监管框架或业务模型无法满足要求的地区的合作者网络在财务上遥不可及。这有可能进一步打开世界各地区之间已经存在的数字鸿沟。 2002年，SCIC认识到“鸿沟”对我们的全球科学合作构成的威胁，自那时以来一直在努力减少或消除这种鸿沟。不仅在我们社区内，而且在更广泛的世界范围内，HEP都参与其中。 （C）2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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