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Solving delay differential equations in S-ADAPT by method of steps

机译:通过步骤法求解S-ADAPT中的延迟微分方程

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摘要

S-ADAPT is a version of the ADAPT program that contains additional simulation and optimization abilities such as parametric population analysis. S-ADAPT utilizes LSODA to solve ordinary differential equations (ODEs), an algorithm designed for large dimension non-stiff and stiff problems. However, S-ADAPT does not have a solver for delay differential equations (DDEs). Our objective was to implement in S-ADAPT a DDE solver using the methods of steps. The method of steps allows one to solve virtually any DDE system by transforming it to an ODE system. The solver was validated for scalar linear DDEs with one delay and bolus and infusion inputs for which explicit analytic solutions were derived. Solutions of nonlinear DDE problems coded in S-ADAPT were validated by comparing them with ones obtained by the MATLAB DDE solver dde23. The estimation of parameters was tested on the MATLB simulated population pharmacodynamics data. The comparison of S-ADAPT generated solutions for DDE problems with the explicit solutions as well as MATLAB produced solutions which agreed to at least 7 significant digits. The population parameter estimates from using importance sampling expectation-maximization in S-ADAPT agreed with ones used to generate the data.
机译:S-ADAPT是ADAPT程序的一个版本,其中包含其他仿真和优化功能,例如参数总体分析。 S-ADAPT利用LSODA求解常微分方程(ODE),这是一种针对大尺寸非刚性和刚性问题而设计的算法。但是,S-ADAPT没有延迟微分方程(DDE)的求解器。我们的目标是使用步骤方法在S-ADAPT中实现DDE求解器。步骤的方法允许人们通过将其转换为ODE系统来解决几乎所有的DDE系统。对求解器进行了标量线性DDE的验证,该标量具有一个延迟,推注和注入输入,并为此导出了明确的解析解。通过将它们与MATLAB DDE求解器dde23所获得的解进行比较,验证了用S-ADAPT编码的非线性DDE问题的解。在MATLB模拟的群体药效学数据上测试了参数的估计。 S-ADAPT生成的DDE问题解决方案与显式解决方案的比较,以及MATLAB生成的解决方案均同意至少7位有效数字。通过在S-ADAPT中使用重要性抽样期望最大化来估计总体参数,并与用于生成数据的参数一致。

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