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Methodology to evaluate the performance of simulation models for alternative compiler and operating system configurations.

机译：评估用于替代编译器和操作系统配置的仿真模型的性能的方法。

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Simulation modelers increasingly require greater flexibility for model implementation on diverse operating systems, and they demand high computational speed for efficient iterative simulations. Additionally, model users may differ in preference for proprietary versus open-source software environments. These issues necessitate the development of strategies to maximize model compatibility across operating systems, to ensure numerically accurate simulations for alternative compiler selections, and to understand how these choices affect computational speed. We developed an approach to evaluate model performance using diverse Fortran compilers on multiple computer operating systems. A single desktop computer with five identical hard drives was designed to permit meaningful comparisons between five operating systems while minimizing differences in hardware configuration. Three Fortran compilers and relevant software development tools were installed on each operating system. Both proprietary and open-source versions of compilers and operating systems were used. Compatibility and performance issues among compiler and operating system combinations were assessed for an example case: the Cropping System Model (CSM) as implemented in version 4.5 of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). A simulation study that included 773 simulations and assessed the full suite of crop growth modules within DSSAT-CSM was conducted for each compiler and operating system configuration. For a given simulation, results were identical for anthesis date (ADAT), maturity date (MDAT), and maximum leaf area index (LAIX) regardless of the compiler or operating system used. Over 94% of the simulations were identical for canopy weight at maturity (CWAM) and cumulative evapotranspiration at maturity (ETCM). Differences in CWAM were predominantly less than 2 kg ha-1 and were likely the result of differences in floating point handling among compilers. Larger CWAM discrepancies highlighted areas for improvement of the model code. Model implementations with the Intel Fortran compiler on the Linux Ubuntu operating system provided the fastest simulations, which averaged 9.0 simulations s-1. Evaluating simulation models for alternative compiler and operating system configurations is invaluable for understanding model performance constraints and for improving model robustness, portability, usefulness, and flexibility.
机译：仿真建模人员越来越需要在各种操作系统上实现模型的更大灵活性，并且他们要求高计算速度才能进行有效的迭代仿真。此外，模型用户在专有软件环境与开源软件环境之间的偏好可能有所不同。这些问题使得必须制定策略，以最大程度地提高整个操作系统之间的模型兼容性，以确保对替代编译器选择进行精确的数值模拟，并了解这些选择如何影响计算速度。我们开发了一种在多种计算机操作系统上使用不同的Fortran编译器评估模型性能的方法。具有五个相同硬盘驱动器的单台台式计算机旨在允许在五个操作系统之间进行有意义的比较，同时最大程度地减少硬件配置上的差异。每个操作系统上安装了三个Fortran编译器和相关的软件开发工具。同时使用了专有和开放源代码版本的编译器和操作系统。评估了一个示例案例的编译器和操作系统组合之间的兼容性和性能问题：在农业技术转让决策支持系统（DSSAT）版本4.5中实施的裁剪系统模型（CSM）。针对每个编译器和操作系统配置，进行了包括773个仿真并评估了DSSAT-CSM中整套作物生长模块的仿真研究。对于给定的模拟，无论使用什么编译器或操作系统，花期数据（ADAT），到期日期（MDAT）和最大叶面积索引（LAIX）的结果都相同。超过94％的模拟在成熟时的树冠重量（CWAM）和成熟时的累积蒸散量（ETCM）相同。 CWAM的差异主要小于2 kg ha -1 ，这很可能是编译器之间浮点处理差异的结果。较大的CWAM差异突出了需要改进模型代码的区域。在Linux Ubuntu操作系统上使用Intel Fortran编译器进行的模型实现提供了最快的仿真速度，平均s -1 为9.0。对于了解替代的编译器和操作系统配置，评估仿真模型对于理解模型性能约束以及提高模型的鲁棒性，可移植性，实用性和灵活性无价之宝。

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