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Cutaneous dendritic cells in allergic inflammation

机译：皮肤树突状细胞在过敏性炎症中

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Summary: The skin represents a physical barrier, which is capable of protecting the body from damaging invaders. Moreover, the skin operates as an active immunological organ, harbouring a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs), which serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Equipped with specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), DCs are able to capture, process and present antigens to na?ve T cells in the skin draining lymph nodes, thereby inducing adaptive antigen-specific immunity. However, the outcome of the immune response is shaped by numerous factors including the DC subtype, maturation state of DCs, composition of PRRs expressed by DCs, type of pathogen as well as factors in the microenvironment. Thus, cutaneous DC subtypes are known to contribute to both, peripheral tolerance and the generation of allergic skin inflammation. Identifying the underlying mechanisms is a challenging task in understanding DC biology. Based on their functional diversity, cutaneous DCs might represent promising therapeutic targets, with the potential of down-modulating pro-inflammatory immune responses and inducing tolerogenic pathways, thereby ensuring the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and restoring the balance of dysregulated immune reactions in the context of allergic skin diseases. In this review, we summarize the versatile character of DC subtypes in human skin and highlight their phenotypic characteristics and role in allergic skin inflammation. In addition, we discuss current therapeutic approaches for the management of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis with the main focus on strategies targeting DCs. We point towards potential challenges, benefits, risks and limitations for the treatment of patients.
机译：简介：皮肤代表物理屏障，能够保护身体免受侵害者的侵害。此外，皮肤起着活跃的免疫器官的作用，具有树突状细胞（DC）的复杂网络，树突状细胞是先天免疫和适应性免疫之间的桥梁。配备有特定模式识别受体（PRR）的DC能够捕获，加工抗原并将其呈递给皮肤引流淋巴结中的幼稚T细胞，从而诱导适应性抗原特异性免疫。但是，免疫反应的结果受多种因素影响，包括DC亚型，DC的成熟状态，DC表达的PRR的组成，病原体的类型以及微环境中的因素。因此，已知皮肤DC亚型有助于外周耐受和过敏性皮肤炎症的产生。识别基本机制是理解DC生物学的一项艰巨任务。基于它们的功能多样性，皮肤DCs可能代表有希望的治疗靶点，具有下调促炎性免疫反应和诱导致耐受性途径的潜力，从而确保维持组织动态平衡并恢复失调的免疫反应的平衡。过敏性皮肤病。在这篇综述中，我们总结了DC亚型在人皮肤中的通用性，并突出了它们的表型特征和在过敏性皮肤炎症中的作用。此外，我们讨论了目前用于治疗炎症性皮肤病（如特应性皮炎）的治疗方法，主要关注针对DC的策略。我们指出了患者治疗的潜在挑战，益处，风险和局限性。

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