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Animal models of asthma.

机译：哮喘的动物模型。

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Animal models of asthma are a tool that allows studies to be conducted in the setting of an intact immune and respiratory system. These models have highlighted the importance of T-helper type 2 driven allergic responses in the progression of asthma and have been useful in the identification of potential drug targets for interventions involving allergic pathways. However, a number of drugs that have been shown to have some efficacy in animal models of asthma have shown little clinical benefit in human asthmatics. This may be due to a number of factors including the species of animal chosen and the methods used to induce an asthmatic phenotype in animals that do not normally develop a disease that could be characterized as asthma. The range of animal models available is vast, with the most popular models being rodents (inbred mice and rats) and guinea-pigs, which have the benefit of being easy to handle and being relatively cost effective compared with other models that are available. The recent advancesin transgenic technology and the development of species-specific probes, particularly in mice, have allowed detailed mechanistic studies to be conducted. Despite these advances in technology, there are a number of issues with current animal models of asthma that must be recognized including the disparity in immunology and anatomy between these species and humans, the requirement for adjuvant during senitization in most models, the acute nature of the allergic response that is induced and the use of adult animals as the primary disease model. Some larger animal models using sheep and dogs have been developed that may address some of these issues but they also have different biology from humans in many ways and are extremely costly, with very few probes available for characterizing allergic responses in the airway in these species. As research in this area continues to expand, the relative merits and limitations of each model must be defined and understood in order to evaluate the information that is obtained from these models and to extrapolate these findings to humans so that effective drug therapies can be developed. Despite these issues, animal models have been, and will continue to be, vital in understanding the mechanisms that are involved in the development and progression of asthma.
机译：哮喘的动物模型是一种允许在完整的免疫和呼吸系统中进行研究的工具。这些模型突显了2型T辅助物驱动的过敏反应在哮喘进展中的重要性，并且在确定涉及过敏途径的干预措施的潜在药物靶点方面很有用。然而，已显示在哮喘动物模型中具有一定功效的许多药物对人类哮喘患者几乎没有临床益处。这可能是由于许多因素造成的，包括所选动物的种类以及用于在通常不会发展为可表征为哮喘的疾病的动物中诱导哮喘表型的方法。可用的动物模型种类繁多，其中最流行的模型是啮齿动物（近交小鼠和大鼠）和豚鼠，与其他可用模型相比，它们的优点是易于处理且相对具有成本效益。转基因技术的最新进展以及物种特异性探针的发展，特别是在小鼠中，已经允许进行详细的机理研究。尽管技术上取得了这些进步，但目前必须认识到的哮喘动物模型存在许多问题，包括这些物种与人类之间在免疫学和解剖学方面的差异，大多数模型在缝合过程中对佐剂的需求，哮喘的急性性质。诱发的过敏反应和将成年动物用作主要疾病模型。已经开发出一些使用绵羊和狗的较大动物模型，这些模型可以解决其中的一些问题，但是它们在许多方面也具有与人类不同的生物学特性，并且成本很高，几乎没有用于表征这些物种气道过敏反应的探针。随着该领域研究的不断扩展，必须定义和理解每种模型的相对优缺点，以便评估从这些模型获得的信息并将这些发现推论给人类，以便可以开发有效的药物疗法。尽管存在这些问题，动物模型在理解哮喘的发展和进程中所起的作用一直并将继续至关重要。

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