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Clinical features of tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from a large multicenter study

机译：抽动相关的强迫症的临床特征：一项大型多中心研究的结果

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Objective. To evaluate the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients with comorbid tic disorders (TD) in a large, multicenter, clinical sample. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 813 consecutive OCD outpatients from the Brazilian OCD Research Consortium and used several instruments of assessment, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the USP Sensory Phenomena Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Results. The sample mean current age was 34.9 years old (SE 0.54), and the mean age at obsessivecompulsive symptoms (OCS) onset was 12.8 years old (SE 0.27). Sensory phenomena were reported by 585 individuals (72% of the sample). The general lifetime prevalence of TD was 29.0% (n=236), with 8.9% (n=72) presenting Tourette syndrome, 17.3% (n=141) chronic motor tic disorder, and 2.8% (n=23) chronic vocal tic disorder. The mean tic severity score, according to the YGTSS, was 27.2 (SE 1.4) in the OCD1TD group. Compared to OCD patients without comorbid TD, those with TD (OCD1TD group, n=236) were more likely to be males (49.2% vs. 38.5%, p<.005) and to present sensory phenomena and comorbidity with anxiety disorders in general: separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulse control disorders in general, and skin picking. Also, the "aggressive," "sexual/religious," and "hoarding" symptom dimensions were more severe in the OCD1TD group. Conclusion. Tic-related OCD may constitute a particular subgroup of the disorder with specific phenotypical characteristics, but its neurobiological underpinnings remain to be fully disentangled.
机译：目的。在大型，多中心，临床样本中评估患有强迫症（OCD）和合并症（TD）的患者的临床特征。方法。进行了一项横断面研究，其中包括来自巴西OCD研究协会的813名连续的OCD门诊病人，并使用了多种评估工具，包括耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表，耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表，耶鲁全球抽动量表严重量表（YGTSS），USP感官现象量表和DSM-IV轴I障碍的结构化临床访谈。结果。样本的平均年龄为34.9岁（SE 0.54），强迫症（OCS）发作的平均年龄为12.8岁（SE 0.27）。 585人（占样本的72％）报告了感官现象。 TD的终生患病率为29.0％（n = 236），其中8.9％（n = 72）表现为图雷特综合症，17.3％（n = 141）慢性运动性抽动症和2.8％（n = 23）的慢性声带抽动紊乱。根据YGTSS，在OCD1TD组中平均抽动严重程度评分为27.2（SE 1.4）。与未合并TD的强迫症患者相比，患有TD的强迫症患者（OCD1TD组，n = 236）更可能是男性（49.2％vs. 38.5％，p <.005），并且通常表现出感官现象和合并症与焦虑症：分离性焦虑症，社交恐惧症，特殊恐惧症，广泛性焦虑症，创伤后应激障碍，注意力缺陷多动障碍，一般性冲动控制障碍和皮肤采摘。同样，在OCD1TD组中，“攻击性”，“性/宗教”和“ ho积”症状的维度更为严重。结论。与抽动相关的强迫症可能构成具有特定表型特征的该疾病的一个特定亚组，但其神经生物学基础仍然有待完全弄清。

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