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ABC transporters and immunity: Mechanism of self-defense

机译:ABC转运蛋白和免疫力:自卫机制

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摘要

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a prototype of an asymmetric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, which uses ATP binding and hydrolysis to translocate peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we review molecular details of peptide binding and ATP binding and hydrolysis as well as the resulting allosteric cross-talk between the nucleotide-binding domains and the transmembrane domains that drive translocation of the solute across the ER membrane. We also discuss the general molecular architecture of ABC transporters and demonstrate the importance of structural and functional studies for a better understanding of the role of the noncanonical site of asymmetric ABC transporters. Several aspects of peptide binding and specificity illustrate details of peptide translocation by TAP. Furthermore, this ABC transporter forms the central part of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) peptide-loading machinery. Hence, TAP is confronted with a number of viral factors, which prevent antigen translocation and MHC I loading in virally infected cells. We review how these viral factors have been used as molecular tools to decipher mechanistic aspects of solute translocation and discuss how they can help in the structural analysis of TAP.
机译:与抗原加工(TAP)相关的转运蛋白是不对称ATP结合盒(ABC)转运蛋白的原型,该转运蛋白使用ATP结合和水解作用将肽从胞质溶胶转运到内质网(ER)内腔。在这里,我们审查了肽结合和ATP结合和水解的分子细节,以及核苷酸结合结构域和跨膜结构域之间导致驱动溶质跨ER膜转运的变构串扰。我们还讨论了ABC转运蛋白的一般分子结构,并展示了结构和功能研究对于更好地理解非对称ABC转运蛋白的非规范位点的作用的重要性。肽结合和特异性的几个方面说明了TAP进行肽转运的细节。此外,这种ABC转运蛋白构成了主要的组织相容性复合体I类(MHC I)多肽加载机器的中心部分。因此,TAP面临着许多病毒因素,这些因素阻止了抗原易位和病毒感染细胞中MHC I的负载。我们回顾了这些病毒因子如何被用作分子工具来破译溶质易位的机制方面,并讨论了它们如何有助于TAP的结构分析。

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  • 来源
    《Biochemistry》 |2012年第25期|共9页
  • 作者

    Hinz A.; Tampé R.;

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