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Evolutionary origin of RNA editing

机译:RNA编辑的进化起源

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The term "RNA editing" encompasses a wide variety of mechanistically and phylogenetically unrelated processes that change the nucleotide sequence of an RNA species relative to that of the encoding DNA. Two general classes of editing, substitution and insertion/deletion, have been described, with all major types of cellular RNA (messenger, ribosomal, and transfer) undergoing editing in different organisms. In cases where RNA editing is required for function (e.g., to generate a translatable open reading frame in a mRNA), editing is an obligatory step in the pathway of genetic information expression. How, when, and why individual RNA editing systems originated are intriguing biochemical and evolutionary questions. Here I review briefly what is known about the biochemistry, genetics, and phylogenetics of several very different RNA editing systems, emphasizing what we can deduce about their origin and evolution from the molecular machinery involved. An evolutionary model, centered on the concept of "constructive neutral evolution", is able to account in a general way for the origin of RNA editing systems. The model posits that the biochemical elements of an RNA editing system must be in place before there is an actual need for editing, and that RNA editing systems are inherently mutagenic because they allow potentially deleterious or lethal mutations to persist at the genome level, whereas they would otherwise be purged by purifying selection.
机译:术语“ RNA编辑”涵盖各种机械和系统发育上不相关的过程,这些过程改变了RNA种类相对于编码DNA的核苷酸种类的核苷酸序列。已经描述了编辑,替换和插入/缺失两大类,其中所有主要类型的细胞RNA(信使,核糖体和转移)都在不同的生物体中进行编辑。如果功能需要RNA编辑(例如,在mRNA中生成可翻译的开放阅读框),则编辑是遗传信息表达途径中的必不可少的步骤。各个RNA编辑系统如何,何时以及为何产生的,这是令人生化的生物化学和进化问题。在这里,我简要回顾一下几个非常不同的RNA编辑系统的生物化学,遗传学和系统发育学方面的知识,强调我们可以从涉及的分子机制推断出它们的起源和进化。以“建设性中性进化”为中心的进化模型能够以一般方式解释RNA编辑系统的起源。该模型认为,在实际需要编辑之前,必须先安装RNA编辑系统的生化元素,并且RNA编辑系统具有固有的诱变性,因为它们允许潜在的有害或致命突变在基因组水平上持续存在,而它们却否则将通过清除选择来清除。

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  • 来源
    《Biochemistry》 |2012年第26期|共8页
  • 作者

    Gray M.W.;

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