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Causes of extirpations in the Wadden Sea, an estuarine area in the Netherlands

机译：瓦登海（荷兰河口地区）灭绝的原因

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The various causes of extirpation of marine and estuarine species were investigated for the Dutch Wadden Sea to gain an impression of their relative importance. I obtained data from geological, archaeological, historical, and biological publications. At least 10 species of algae, 10 invertebrates, 13 fishes, 5 birds, and 4 marine mammals became extinct during the past 2000 years. Habitat destruction played a part in at lease 26 cases, overexploitation in at least 17, and pollution in at least 3. Causes of the disappearance of two species are unknown. Introduction of exotic marine species was not involved in any of the extirpations. I compared this pattern of extinction to that of worldwide extinctions of marine and estuarine species, which have been attributed to overexploitation, habitat destruction, and in two cases to the introduction of terrestrial predators to the breeding habitats of marine birds. The results imply that conservation of marine species should address overexploitation and habitat destruction as the main causes of extinction. [References: 94]
机译：对荷兰瓦登海的各种海洋和河口物种的灭绝原因进行了调查，以了解它们的相对重要性。我从地质，考古，历史和生物出版物中获得了数据。在过去的2000年中，至少有10种藻类，10种无脊椎动物，13种鱼类，5种鸟类和4种海洋哺乳动物灭绝了。生境破坏在至少26起案件中发挥了作用，至少17起是过度开发，至少3起是污染。两个物种消失的原因尚不清楚。外来物种的引进没有涉及任何灭绝。我将这种灭绝模式与海洋和河口物种在世界范围内的灭绝模式进行了比较，这是由于过度开发，栖息地遭到破坏，还有两种情况是由于陆生食肉动物被引入了海洋鸟类的繁殖栖息地。结果表明，海洋物种的保护应解决过度开发和栖息地破坏作为灭绝的主要原因。 [参考：94]

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