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Fragmentation of landscape as a cause for genetic subdivision in bank voles

机译：景观破碎化是银行田鼠遗传细分的原因

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We studied the barrier effects of various roadways on the genetic subdivision of bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) populations. Allele frequencies, genetic variability, and genetic distances of natural populations were calculated based on polymorphism of seven microsatellite markers. We compared bank vole populations in control areas without such barriers with animals from both sides of a country road, a railway, and a highway. Using F and R statistics, we demonstrated significant population subdivision in bank vole populations separated by the highway, but not in populations on either side of the other roadways or in the control area. Correlations between geographic and genetic distances were revealed by an extended method based on a Mantel analysis. This allowed us to measure genetic barrier effects and express them as additional geographic distances. For instance, statistically significant differences in allele frequencies in all seven loci examined existed among populations in southern Germany and Switzerland, which are separated by the Rhine River and Lake Constance. The real geographic distance between bank vole populations in Konstanz and those in Lengwil, Switzerland, was 6 km. According to this analysis the genetic barrier effect of the Rhine could be defined as an additional distance of 7.7 km. This study shows for the first time that not only old geographic barriers but also more recent fragmentation of landscape by, for example, highways has an important effect on gene flow and the genetic substructuring of populations, which should be considered in future environmental impact assessments. [References: 47]
机译：我们研究了各种道路对堤田鼠种群（Clethrionomys glareolus）的遗传细分的屏障作用。基于七个微卫星标记的多态性，计算了自然种群的等位基因频率，遗传变异性和遗传距离。我们将没有障碍的控制区域的银行田鼠种群与来自乡村道路，铁路和公路两侧的动物进行了比较。使用F和R统计数据，我们证明了被高速公路分隔开的银行田鼠种群中的显着人口细分，但在另一条道路两侧或控制区域中的种群中则没有。通过基于Mantel分析的扩展方法揭示了地理距离与遗传距离之间的相关性。这使我们能够测量遗传屏障效应并将其表示为其他地理距离。例如，在德国南部和瑞士南部，被莱茵河和康斯坦茨湖隔开的所有人群中，所有七个基因座的等位基因频率存在统计学上的显着差异。 Konstanz和瑞士Lengwil的河田鼠之间的真实地理距离为6 km。根据该分析，莱茵河的遗传屏障效应可定义为7.7公里的附加距离。这项研究首次表明，不仅是旧的地理障碍，而且最近的景观破碎（例如高速公路）都对基因流和种群的遗传结构产生了重要影响，在未来的环境影响评估中应考虑这些因素。 [参考：47]

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