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The effectiveness of Iberian protected areas in conserving terrestrial biodiversity

机译：伊比利亚保护区在保护陆地生物多样性方面的效力

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The Iberian Peninsula harbors about 50% of European plant and terrestrial vertebrate species and more than 30% of European endemic species. Despite the global recognition of its importance, the selection of protected areas has been ad hoc and the effectiveness of such choices has rarely been assessed. We compiled the most comprehensive distributional data set of Iberian terrestrial plant and vertebrate species available to date and used it to assess the degree of species representation within existing protected areas. Existing protected areas in Spain and Portugal reasonably represented the plant and animal species we considered (73-98%). Nevertheless, species of some groups (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and gymnosperms) did not accumulate in protected areas at a rate higher than expected by chance (p > 0.05). We determined that to conserve all vertebrate and plant species in the Iberian Peninsula, at least 36 additional areas are needed. Selection of additional areas for conservation would be facilitated if such areas coincided with sites of community importance (SCI) designated under the European Commission Habitats Directive. Additional areas required for full representation of the selected plant and animal species all coincide with SCI in Spain. Nevertheless, the degree of coincidence varies between 0.3% and 74.6%, and there is a possibility that important areas for conservation occur outside the SCI. Our results support the view that current SCI can be used for prioritization of areas for conservation, but a systematic reevaluation of conservation priorities in Spain and Portugal would be necessary to ensure that effective conservation of one of European's most important biodiversity regions is achieved.
机译：伊比利亚半岛拥有约50％的欧洲植物和陆地脊椎动物物种，以及超过30％的欧洲特有物种。尽管全球公认其重要性，但保护区的选择还是临时性的，很少评估这种选择的效果。我们汇编了迄今为止可用的最全面的伊比利亚陆生植物和脊椎动物物种分布数据集，并用它来评估现有保护区内物种代表的程度。西班牙和葡萄牙的现有保护区合理地代表了我们考虑的动植物物种（73-98％）。但是，某些种类的物种（两栖动物，爬行动物，鸟类和裸子植物）并未以高于偶然的概率（p> 0.05）的速率积聚在保护区中。我们确定，要保护伊比利亚半岛的所有脊椎动物和植物物种，还需要至少36个其他区域。如果这些区域与欧洲委员会人居指令指定的具有社区重要意义的地点（SCI）相吻合，将有助于选择其他保护区。完全代表所选动植物物种所需的其他区域，与西班牙的SCI一致。但是，重合程度在0.3％和74.6％之间变化，并且有可能在SCI之外发生重要的保护区。我们的结果支持以下观点：当前的SCI可以用于确定保护区的优先级，但是有必要对西班牙和葡萄牙的保护重点进行系统的重新评估，以确保实现对欧洲最重要的生物多样性地区之一的有效保护。

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