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Effect of hunting in source-sink systems in the neotropics

机译：狩猎在新热带的源汇系统中的影响

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Previous studies of the sustainability of wildlife hunting in the Neotropics have not considered the potential dispersal of animals into hunted areas. A literature review of studies of subsistence hunting in the Neotropics suggests that hunting is often conducted in areas adjacent to relatively undisturbed habitat that may act as sources of animals for the hunted sites. We compared studies of tapir (Tapirus terrestris) hunting at different sites to illustrate the potential bias of sustainability evaluations based on local productivity. The limited information available suggests that dispersal could have a key role in rebuilding animal populations depleted by hunting. Thus, factors that strongly affect dispersal-such as spatial distribution and size of areas with and without hunting, population size in source areas, and social behavior-should be considered when the sustainability of hunting is evaluated in areas with heterogeneous hunting pressure. We suggest the application of two models that use spatial controls (recognizing the potential source-sink nature of some hunted systems and protecting unhunted refugia) to avoid wildlife overexploitation when biological data and enforcement capabilities to regulate harvests are limited. This approach may produce more reliable evaluations of sustainability, provide information on the dynamics of hunting systems, and help local communities and policymakers conserve key areas (including protected areas) that may act as game sources. [References: 79]
机译：关于新热带地区野生生物狩猎可持续性的先前研究并未考虑将动物散布到狩猎区域的可能性。关于新热带地区生存狩猎研究的文献综述表明，狩猎通常是在相对未受干扰的栖息地附近的地区进行的，这些栖息地可能是被狩猎地点的动物来源。我们比较了不同地点of（Tapirus terrestris）狩猎的研究，以说明基于当地生产力的可持续性评估的潜在偏见。现有的有限信息表明，传播可能在重建因狩猎而枯竭的动物种群方面发挥关键作用。因此，在具有不同狩猎压力的地区评估狩猎的可持续性时，应考虑强烈影响分散的因素，例如有无狩猎的区域的空间分布和大小，源地区的人口规模以及社会行为。我们建议应用两个使用空间控制的模型（识别某些被捕猎系统的潜在源库性质并保护未捕猎的避难所）来避免野生生物过度开发，因为生物数据和调控收成的执法能力受到限制。这种方法可以对可持续性进行更可靠的评估，提供有关狩猎系统动态的信息，并帮助当地社区和政策制定者保护可能充当游戏资源的关键区域（包括保护区）。 [参考：79]

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