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Marine conservation in Chile: Historical perspective, lessons, and challenges

机译：智利的海洋保护：历史观点，经验教训和挑战

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Chile is one of the world's leading countries in landings (catch) of marine resources. The pioneer studies of human impacts on coastal marine communities provided the scientific basis on which to establish novel resource management strategies for exploited wild populations but were not used to develop a comprehensive marine conservation plan that would also include no-take areas. We reviewed the development of marine conservation actions since approximately 19 70 to date, focusing on the (1) complex legal framework for establishment of marine protected areas, (2) scientific grounds that provided the impetus to establish efforts that were critical to creating the first marine protected eas where exploitation is regulated, (3) private e areas, and (4) lessons and constraints derived from this process as well as the challenges ahead. The existing legal tools for the protection of the ocean include natural sanctuaries, marine reserves, marine parks, national monuments, and management and exploitation areas for benthic resources. These instruments may be applied in coastal marine protected area,,;. It is remarkable that most of the existing marine protected areas in Chile are sponsored and administered by private organizations. We think the sequence in which the development of the different conservation instruments occurred, with a high priority reserved for initiatives tending to promote exploitation of the ocean (aquaculture and fisheries), poses challenges and constraints for establishing a network of marine protected areas that combine such apparently diametrically opposing goals, as exploitation and preservation of marine species. More recently the value of preserving biodiversity became evident with the creation of the first marine parks. We encourage more scientific information on patterns of biodiversity biological processes, and assessment of human impact to be incorporated in the process to reach the goal of preserving 10% of the representative marine habitats along Chile's coast.
机译：智利是海洋资源着陆（捕获）领域的世界领先国家之一。关于人类对沿海海洋社区影响的开创性研究提供了科学依据，可为被剥削的野生种群建立新的资源管理策略，但并未被用于制定全面的海洋保护计划，其中也包括禁渔区。我们回顾了迄今为止大约19 70以来海洋保护行动的发展情况，重点关注（1）建立海洋保护区的复杂法律框架，（2）为推动建立对建立第一保护区至关重要的努力提供动力的科学依据。受监管的海洋保护区，（3）私人e区以及（4）从该过程中得出的教训和制约因素以及未来的挑战。现有的海洋保护法律工具包括自然保护区，海洋保护区，海岸公园，国家古迹以及底栖资源的管理和开发区。这些仪器可应用于沿海海洋保护区。值得注意的是，智利大多数现有的海洋保护区都是由私人组织赞助和管理的。我们认为，发展各种保护手段的顺序是高度优先的，倾向于促进海洋开发（水产养殖和渔业）的举措，这给建立结合了这些保护手段的海洋保护区网络构成了挑战和制约。显然是截然相反的目标，例如海洋物种的开发和保护。最近，随着第一个海洋公园的建立，保护生物多样性的价值变得显而易见。我们鼓励提供有关生物多样性生物过程模式的更多科学信息，并将人类影响评估纳入该过程中，以实现保护智利沿海10％的代表性海洋生境的目标。

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