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Measuring and mapping threats to a wildlife sanctuary in southern India

机译：测量和绘制对印度南部野生动植物保护区的威胁

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Although conservation and management of tropical ecosystems requires that we understand the threats to these areas, there are no standardized methods to quantify threats to ecosystems. We used a geographic information system-based protocol with several physical and socioeconomic attributes to assess the threats to a protected area, a wildlife sanctuary in southern India. Physical attributes included threats from major and minor roads and the accessibility of an area (given as inverse of the slope of the area), and socioeconomic attributes included the number of human settlements and human, cattle, and sheep populations. We divided the sanctuary into 30-ha grids, and for each grid we computed three threat categories: (1) settlement-associated threat from humans, cattle, and sheep; (2) development-associated threat resulting from major and minor roads; and (3) accessibility-related threat caused by the steepness of the terrain. Combining all three threats, we derived a composite threat index for each grid and mapped five levels of threats in the sanctuary. We collected data on human activities, tree species richness, and diversity in the transects laid in areas corresponding to these five threat levels. Although the threat levels of the transects were strongly correlated with the human-related disturbance activities, the composite threat indices of the transects were negatively correlated with tree species richness, indicating that the threat values we derived served as a good surrogate of the actual threat experienced by the sanctuary. With appropriate modifications, the protocol developed here can be applied to other ecosystems as well.
机译：尽管对热带生态系统的保护和管理要求我们了解对这些地区的威胁，但尚没有标准化的方法来量化对生态系统的威胁。我们使用了基于地理信息系统的协议，该协议具有多种物理和社会经济属性，以评估对印度南部野生动植物保护区保护区的威胁。物理属性包括来自主要和次要道路的威胁以及该区域的可及性（与该区域的坡度成反比），而社会经济属性包括人类住区的数量以及人，牛和绵羊的数量。我们将庇护所划分为30公顷的网格，并为每个网格计算了三种威胁类别：（1）与人，牛和羊相关的定居相关威胁; （2）主要道路和次要道路造成的与发展相关的威胁; （3）地形陡峭造成的与可达性相关的威胁。结合所有三种威胁，我们得出了每个网格的综合威胁指数，并在保护区中映射了五个威胁级别。我们收集了与这五个威胁级别相对应的区域中的样带中人类活动，树木种类丰富度和多样性的数据。尽管样带的威胁水平与人为干扰活动密切相关，但样带的综合威胁指数与树木物种丰富度负相关，表明我们得出的威胁值可以很好地替代实际遭受的威胁由圣所。通过适当的修改，此处开发的协议也可以应用于其他生态系统。

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