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Susceptibility of common and rare plant species to the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation

机译：常见和稀有植物物种对生境破碎化的遗传后果的敏感性

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Small plant populations are more prone to extinction due to the loss of genetic variation through random genetic drift, increased selfing, and mating among related individuals. To date, most researchers dealing with genetic erosion in fragmented plant populations have focused on threatened or rare species. We raise the question whether common plant species are as susceptible to habitat fragmentation as rare species. We conducted a formal meta-analysis of habitat fragmentation studies that reported both population size and population genetic diversity. We estimated the overall weighted mean and variance of the correlation coefficients among four different measures of genetic diversity and plant population size. We then tested whether rarity, mating system, and plant longevity are potential moderators of the relationship between population size and genetic diversity. Mean gene diversity, percent polymorphic loci, and allelic richness across studies were positively and highly significantly correlated with population size, whereas no significant relationship was found between population size and the inbreeding coefficient. Genetic diversity of self-compatible species was less affected by decreasing population size than that of obligate outcrossing and self-compatible but mainly outcrossing species. Longevity did not affect the population genetic response to fragmentation. Our most important finding, however, was that common species were as, or more, susceptible to the population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation than rare species, even when historically or naturally rare species were excluded from the analysis. These results are dramatic in that many more plant species than previously assumed may be vulnerable to genetic erosion and loss of genetic diversity as a result of ongoing fragmentation processes. This implies that many fragmented habitats have become unable to support plant populations that are large enough to maintain a mutation-drift balance and that occupied habitat fragments have become too isolated to allow sufficient gene flow to enable replenishment of lost alleles.
机译：小植物种群更容易灭绝，原因是由于随机遗传漂移，自交增加以及相关个体之间的交配导致遗传变异的丧失。迄今为止，大多数研究零散植物种群遗传侵蚀的研究人员都将重点放在濒临灭绝的物种上。我们提出一个问题，常见的植物物种是否像稀有物种一样容易受到生境破碎的影响。我们对栖息地破碎化研究进行了正式的荟萃分析，报告了种群数量和种群遗传多样性。我们估计了遗传多样性和植物种群大小的四种不同度量之间的整体加权平均值和相关系数的方差。然后，我们测试了稀有性，交配系统和植物寿命是否是种群数量与遗传多样性之间关系的潜在调节剂。研究中的平均基因多样性，多态性位点百分比和等位基因丰富度与种群大小呈正相关且高度显着相关，而种群大小与近亲繁殖系数之间没有显着关系。相比于专性杂交和自交但主要是异交的物种，自交物种的遗传多样性受种群数量减少的影响较小。长寿不影响种群对碎片的遗传反应。但是，我们最重要的发现是，即使从分析中排除了历史或自然稀有物种，普通物种也比稀有物种更易受到栖息地破碎的种群遗传后果的影响。这些结果是引人注目的，因为由于正在进行的破碎过程，比以前设想的更多的植物物种可能更容易遭受遗传侵蚀和遗传多样性丧失。这意味着许多支离破碎的生境已经无法支持足够大的植物种群以维持突变漂移平衡，并且所占据的生境碎片变得过于孤立以至于无法提供足够的基因流来补充丢失的等位基因。

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