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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Genetic rescue in an isolated metapopulation of a naturally fragmented plant species, Parnassia palustris
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Genetic rescue in an isolated metapopulation of a naturally fragmented plant species, Parnassia palustris

机译：在自然破碎的植物物种（Parnassia palustris）的一个孤立的种群中进行基因拯救

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The loss of habitat of naturally fragmented species may result in isolated metapopulations: small groups of populations that are still connected by gene flow but have become isolated from other metapopulations. Genetic isolation may result in genetic differentiation between. metapopulations and lowered genetic diversity within the metapopulation. Gene input from outside the metapopulation can hence be expected to enhance crosscompatibility and seed viability. Simultaneously due to genetic drift, inbreeding, and pollen limitation in the small populations, fitness is likely to increase with population size within a metapopulation. I tested these hypotheses in three isolated metapopulations of the endangered plant species Parnassia palustris L. in a study area of 15 x 0.5 km along the coast of western Belgium and northwestern France. Seed and fruit weight, measured in the 27 populations distributed over the three metapopulations, significantly differed among the metapopulations, which suggests genetic differentiation. These fitness variables also increased with population size within two metapopulations. With a pollination experiment, I investigated whether genetic rescue with pollen from another metapopulation enhanced seed set. Outside-metapopulation crosses led to a significantly higher seed set than within-metapopulation crosses, and this effect was more pronounced in small populations. This means pollen from outside the metapopulation was more compatible than pollen from within the metapopulation, due to a lowered genetic diversity within the metapopulation. The seed set of naturally pollinated flowers was at least equal to that of hand pollinated flowers, which can be explained by a compensation effect of pollen quantity and donor diversity for pollen quality. One can assume that the loss of genetic diversity at the level of the metapopulation affected loci not just related to cross compatibility. Reconnection of metapopulations by stepping stones may be necessary to prevent further genetic erosion and assure the viability of the Parnassia populations in the study area over the long term.
机译：自然片段化物种的栖息地丧失可能导致孤立的种群：少数群体仍然通过基因流连接，但已与其他种群分离。遗传隔离可能导致两者之间的遗传分化。种群和降低种群内部的遗传多样性。因此，可以预期从种群外的基因输入会增强交叉兼容性和种子活力。同时，由于少数群体中的遗传漂移，近交和花粉限制，适应性可能会随着种群中人口规模的增加而增加。我在比利时西部和法国西北部沿海15 x 0.5 km的研究区中，对三种濒危植物物种Parnassia palustris L.的三个分离的种群进行了检验。在分布于三个亚群中的27个种群中测得的种子和果实重量，在亚群之间存在显着差异，这表明遗传分化。这些适应性变量也随着两个亚种群内人口规模的增加而增加。通过授粉实验，我调查了从另一种种群中的花粉进行基因拯救是否增强了种子集。与内部种群杂交杂交相比，外部种群杂交杂交产生的结实明显更高，并且这种影响在小种群中更为明显。这意味着，由于种群内部的遗传多样性降低，来自种群外部的花粉比种群内部的花粉更具相容性。天然授粉花的种子集至少等于手工授粉花的种子集，这可以通过花粉数量和供体多样性对花粉质量的补偿效应来解释。可以假定，在受影响的基因座水平上遗传多样性的丧失不仅与交叉相容性有关。为了防止进一步的遗传侵蚀并确保研究区域的帕拉纳斯种群长期存活，可能需要通过垫脚石重新连接种群。

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