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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Multiple sources, admixture, and genetic variation in introduced Anolis lizard populations
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Multiple sources, admixture, and genetic variation in introduced Anolis lizard populations

机译：引入的Anolis蜥蜴种群的多种来源，混合物和遗传变异

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摘要

Invasive species are classically thought to suffer from reduced within-population genetic variation compared to their native-range sources due to founder effects and population bottlenecks during introduction. Reduction in genetic variation in introduced species may limit population growth, increase the risk of extinction, and constrain adaptation, hindering the successful establishment and spread of an alien species. Results of recent empirical studies, however, show higher than expected genetic variation, rapid evolution, and multiple native-range sources in introduced populations, which challenge the classical scenario of invasive-species genetics. With mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data, we examined the molecular genetics of 10 replicate introductions of 8 species of Anolis lizards. Eighty percent of introductions to Florida and the Dominican Republic were from multiple native-range source populations. MtDNA haplotypes restricted to different geographically distinct populations in the native range of a species commonly occurred as intrapopulation polymorphisms in introduced populations. Two-thirds of introduced populations had two or more sources, and admixture elevated genetic variation in half of the introduced populations above levels typical of native-range populations. The mean pairwise sequence divergence among haplotypes sampled within introduced populations was nearly twice that within native-range populations (2.6% vs. 1.4%). The dynamics of introductions from multiple sources and admixture explained the observed genetic contrasts between native and introduced Anolis populations better than the classical scenario for most introduced populations. Elevated genetic variation through admixture occurred regardless of the mode or circumstances of an introduction. Little insight into the number of sources or amount of genetic variation in introduced populations was gained by knowing the number of physical introductions, the size of a species' non-native range, or whether it was a deliberate or accidental introduction. We hypothesize that elevated genetic variation through admixture of multiple sources is more common in biological invasions than previously thought. We propose that introductions follow a sequential, two-step process involving a reduction in genetic variation due to founder effects and population bottlenecks followed by an increase in genetic variation if admixture of individuals from multiple native-range sources occurs.
机译：传统上认为，由于创始者的影响和引进过程中的种群瓶颈，与本地来源相比，入侵物种的种群内部遗传变异减少。减少引进物种的遗传变异可能会限制种群的增长，增加灭绝的风险，并限制适应，从而阻碍外来物种的成功建立和传播。然而，最近的实证研究结果表明，引入种群中的遗传变异，快速进化和多种本地来源均高于预期，这对典型的入侵物种遗传学提出了挑战。利用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列数据，我们检查了8种Anolis蜥蜴的10个重复引入的分子遗传学。佛罗里达和多米尼加共和国的引种中有80％来自多个原住民。 MtDNA单倍型仅限于物种自然范围内不同地理上不同的种群，通常作为引入种群中的种群内多态性出现。三分之二的外来人口有两个或两个以上的来源，并且混和增加了一半的外来人口的遗传变异，超过了本地范围内人口的典型水平。在引入种群中采样的单倍型之间的平均成对序列差异几乎是原生种群中的两倍（2.6％vs. 1.4％）。来自多种来源和混合物的引种动态说明，与大多数引入种群的经典情况相比，本地和引入的Anolis种群之间观察到的遗传差异更好。不管引入的方式或情况如何，通过混合产生的遗传变异都会增加。通过了解物理引进的数量，物种非本地范围的大小，或者是故意引入还是偶然引入，对引入种群的来源数量或遗传变异数量的了解很少。我们假设通过多种来源的混合增加的遗传变异在生物入侵中比以前认为的更为普遍。我们建议，引入遵循一个循序渐进的两步过程，其中包括由于创始人效应和种群瓶颈而导致的遗传变异减少，如果来自多个自然范围来源的个体发生混合，则遗传变异会增加。

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