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Management decentralization and montane forest conditions in Tanzania

机译：坦桑尼亚的管理权下放和山区森林状况

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We examined how differences in local forest-management institutions relate to disparate anthropogenic forest disturbance and forest conditions among three neighboring montane forests in Tanzania under centralized, comanaged, or communal management. Institutional differences have been shaped by decentralization reforms. We conducted semistructured interviews with members of forest management committees, local government, and village households and measured anthropogenic disturbance, tree structure, and species composition in forest plots. We assessed differences in governance system components of local institutions, including land tenure, decision-making autonomy by forest users, and official and de facto processes of rule formation, monitoring, and enforcement among the three management strategies. We also assessed differences in frequencies of prohibited logging and subsistence pole cutting, and measures of forest condition. An adjacent research forest served as an ecological reference for comparison of forest conditions. Governance was similar for comanaged and centralized management, whereas communal managers had greater tenure security and decision-making autonomy over the use and management of their forest. There was significantly less illegal logging in the communal forest, but subsistence pole cutting was common across all management strategies. The comanaged forest was most disturbed by recent logging and pole cutting, as were peripheral areas of the larger centralized forest. This manifested in more degraded indicators of forest conditions (lower mean tree size, basal area, density of trees ≥ 90 cm dbh, and aboveground biomass and higher overall stem density). Greater tenure security and institutional autonomy of the communal strategy contributed to more effective management, less illegal logging, and maintenance of good forest conditions, but generating livelihood benefits was a challenge for both decentralized strategies. Our results underscore the importance of well-designed institutional arrangements in forest management and illustrate mechanisms for improved forest governance and conservation in the context of Tanzanian decentralization reforms.
机译：我们研究了在集中管理，共同管理或社区管理下，坦桑尼亚三个相邻的山地森林中不同的人为森林干扰和森林状况在当地森林管理机构中的差异如何。分权改革已经形成了制度差异。我们对森林管理委员会，地方政府和村民的成员进行了半结构化访谈，并测量了人为干扰，树木结构和林区物种组成。我们评估了地方机构的治理体系组成部分的差异，包括土地使用权，森林使用者的决策自主权，以及三种管理策略中正式和事实上的规则形成，监控和执行流程。我们还评估了禁止采伐和生极砍伐的频率以及森林状况的测量差异。相邻的研究林用作比较森林条件的生态参考。共同管理和集中式管理的治理相似，而社区管理者在其森林的使用和管理方面拥有更大的保有权保障和决策自主权。在公共森林中非法采伐的情况明显减少，但是在所有管理策略中，砍伐生计都是很普遍的。最近的伐木和砍伐树木对共同管理森林的影响最大，而大型集中森林的外围地区也是如此。这表现为森林状况的更多退化指标（较低的平均树木大小，基础面积，≥90 cm dbh的树木密度以及地上生物量和较高的总茎密度）。更高的土地使用权安全性和公共战略的机构自治有助于更有效的管理，更少的非法采伐和维持良好的森林状况，但是，要实现生计收益，对这两种权力下放战略都是一个挑战。我们的结果强调了精心设计的制度安排在森林管理中的重要性，并说明了在坦桑尼亚权力下放改革背景下改善森林治理和养护的机制。

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