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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Interactive Effects of Harvest and Deer Herbivory on the Population Dynamics of American Ginseng
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Interactive Effects of Harvest and Deer Herbivory on the Population Dynamics of American Ginseng

机译：鹿食草对西洋参种群动态的交互作用

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摘要

Few demographic models for any species consider the role of multiple, interacting ecological threats. Many forest herbs are heavily browsed by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and a number of these are also harvested for the medicinal, floral, or horticultural trades. Previous studies of the viability of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) have separately examined the effects of harvesting and deer herbivory. We followed individually marked ginseng plants in 6 populations for 8 years and documented deer browse levels, conducted helicopter surveys to estimate the deer herd size, and documented 2 ginseng harvests. We used this long-term data set to develop a stochastic demographic model that quantified the separate and interactive role of these threats to ginseng viability. Although harvesting and deer herbivory negatively affected ginseng population growth, their effects were not additive. Deer herbivory negatively affected population growth in the absence but not in the presence of harvesting. Life table response experiments revealed that in the presence of harvesting, deer herbivory had some positive effects on vital rates because browsed plants were less apparent to harvesters. Ginseng populations that were harvested responsibly (i.e., planting seeds from harvested individuals) had higher growth rates than those that were harvested irresponsibly. We concluded that both deer populations and harvesting must be managed to ensure sustainable populations of American ginseng. Our findings underscore the importance of long-term monitoring to assess threats to viability and the need for a broad ecological understanding of the complexity of ecosystem management.
机译：几乎没有任何物种的人口统计学模型考虑多重相互作用的生态威胁的作用。白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）大量浏览了许多森林药草，其中一些也被收获用于医药，花卉或园艺行业。先前有关西洋参（Panax quinquefolius）生存能力的研究已分别检查了收获和鹿食草的影响。我们跟踪了6个种群中单独标记的人参植物，历时8年，记录了鹿的浏览水平，进行了直升机调查以估计鹿群的大小，并记录了2次人参的收获。我们使用此长期数据集建立了一个随机的人口统计模型，该模型量化了这些威胁对人参生存能力的独立和交互作用。尽管收割和鹿食草对人参种群的生长有负面影响，但它们的作用并非相加。在没有采摘物的情况下，鹿的食草性对种群的增长产生了负面影响，但在有采摘物的情况下却没有。生命表响应实验表明，在有收获的情况下，鹿食草对生命率有一些积极影响，因为浏览过的植物对收获者的影响较小。负责任收获的人参种群（即从收获的个体中种下种子）的生长速度要高于不负责任地收获的人参种群。我们得出的结论是，必须对鹿种群和收成进行管理，以确保西洋参的可持续种群。我们的发现强调了进行长期监测以评估对生存能力的威胁的重要性以及对生态系统管理复杂性的广泛生态理解的需求。

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