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How do bilinguals identify the language of the words they read?

机译：双语者如何识别所读单词的语言？

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How do bilinguals detect the language of the words they read? Recent electrophysiological research using the masked priming paradigm combining primes and targets from different languages has shown that bilingual readers identify the language of the words within approximately 200 ms. Recent evidence shows that language-detection mechanisms vary as a function of the orthographic markedness of the words (i.e., whether or not a given word contains graphemic combinations that are not legal in the other language). The present study examined how the sub-lexical orthographic regularities of words are used as predictive cues. Spanish-Basque bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals (control group) were tested in an Event-Related Potential (ERP) experiment, using the masked priming paradigm. During the experiment, Spanish targets were briefly preceded by unrelated Spanish or Basque words. Unrelated Basque words could contain bigram combinations that are either plausible or implausible in the target language (Spanish). Results show a language switch effect in the N250 and N400 components for marked Basque primes in both groups, whereas, in the case of unmarked Basque primes, language switch effects were found in bilinguals but not monolinguals. These data demonstrate that statistical orthographic regularities of words play an important role in bilingual language detection, and provide new evidence supporting the assumptions of the BIA+ extended model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：双语者如何检测所读单词的语言？最近的电生理研究使用掩盖的启动范例，将来自不同语言的素数和目标结合起来，表明双语阅读器会在大约200毫秒内识别单词的语言。最近的证据表明，语言检测机制随单词的字面标记而变化（即，给定单词是否包含在另一种语言中不合法的拼音组合）。本研究研究了单词的亚词法正则规律如何用作预测线索。西班牙语-巴斯克语双语者和西班牙语单语者（对照组）在事件相关电位（ERP）实验中使用掩蔽的启动范例进行了测试。在实验过程中，西班牙语目标之前简短地使用了不相关的西班牙文或巴斯克语。不相关的巴斯克语单词可能包含在目标语言中可能合理或难以理解的双字母组合（西班牙语）。结果显示两组中标记巴斯克素数在N250和N400组件中的语言转换效果，而在未标记巴斯克素数的情况下，双语者中发现了语言转换效果，而单语者中没有。这些数据表明，单词的统计正则规律在双语语言检测中起着重要作用，并提供了支持BIA +扩展模型假设的新证据。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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