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Musical training shapes neural responses to melodic and prosodic expectation

机译：音乐训练塑造了对旋律和韵律期望的神经反应

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Current research on music processing and syntax or semantics in language suggests that music and language share partially overlapping neural resources. Pitch also constitutes a common denominator, forming melody in music and prosody in language. Further, pitch perception is modulated by musical training. The present study investigated how music and language interact on pitch dimension and whether musical training plays a role in this interaction. For this purpose, we used melodies ending on an expected or unexpected note (melodic expectancy being estimated by a computational model) paired with prosodic utterances which were either expected (statements with falling pitch) or relatively unexpected (questions with rising pitch). Participants' (22 musicians, 20 nonmusicians) ERPs and behavioural responses in a statement/question discrimination task were recorded. Participants were faster for simultaneous expectancy violations in the melodic and linguistic stimuli. Further, musicians performed better than nonmusicians, which may be related to their increased pitch tracking ability. At the neural level, prosodic violations elicited a front-central positive ERP around 150 ms after the onset of the last wordote, while musicians presented reduced P600 in response to strong incongruities (questions on low-probability notes). Critically, musicians' P800 amplitudes were proportional to their level of musical training, suggesting that expertise might shape the pitch processing of language. The beneficial aspect of expertise could be attributed to its strengthening effect of general executive functions. These findings offer novel contributions to our understanding of shared higher-order mechanisms between music and language processing on pitch dimension, and further demonstrate a potential modulation by musical expertise. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：对音乐处理和语言语法或语义的最新研究表明，音乐和语言共享部分重叠的神经资源。音高也是共同的分母，在音乐中形成旋律，在语言中形成韵律。此外，通过音乐训练来调节音高感知。本研究调查了音乐和语言如何在音高维度上相互作用以及音乐训练是否在这种相互作用中起作用。为此，我们使用以预期或意外音符结尾的旋律（旋律预期由计算模型估计）与预期的韵律发音（音调下降的陈述）或相对意外的韵律音调（上升音调的问题）配对。记录参与者（22位音乐家，20位非音乐家）的ERPs和陈述/问题歧视任务中的行为响应。参与者在旋律和语言刺激中同时违反预期期望的速度更快。此外，音乐家的表现比非音乐家更好，这可能与他们提高音调跟踪能力有关。在神经方面，韵律违规会在最后一个单词/音符出现后约150毫秒后产生中央积极的ERP，而音乐家则针对强烈的不一致性（对低概率音符的质疑）降低了P600。至关重要的是，音乐家的P800振幅与他们的音乐训练水平成正比，这表明专业知识可能会影响语言的音高处理。专业知识的有益方面可以归因于其对一般执行职能的强化作用。这些发现为我们对音调维度上的音乐和语言处理之间共享的高级机制的理解提供了新的贡献，并进一步证明了音乐专业知识的潜在调制。 （C）2016作者。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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