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An index of risk as a measure of biodiversity conservation achieved through land reform

机译：通过土地改革实现的风险指数，作为衡量生物多样性保护的一项指标

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We measured the net progress of land reform in achieving a national policy goal for biodiversity conservation in the context of ongoing clearing of native vegetation and additions of land to a highly nonrepresentative (residual) reserve network, interior South Island, New Zealand. We used systematic conservation-planning approaches to develop a spatially explicit index of risk of biodiversity loss (RBL). The index incorporated information from national data sets that describe New Zealand's remaining indigenous land cover, legal protection, and land environments and modeled risk to biodiversity on the basis of stated assumptions about the effects of past habitat loss and legal protection. The index identified irreplaceable and vulnerable native habitats in lowland environments as the most at risk of biodiversity loss, and risk was correlated with the density of threatened plant records. To measure achievement, we used changes in the index that reflected gains made and opportunity costs incurred by legal protection and privatization. Application of the index to measure the difference made by land reform showed it had caused a net increase in the risk of biodiversity loss because most land vulnerable to habitat modification and rich in threatened plant species was privatized and land at least risk of biodiversity loss was protected. The application revealed that new high-elevation reserves did little to mitigate biodiversity decline, that privatization of low-elevation land further jeopardized the most vulnerable biodiversity in lowland native habitats, and that outcomes of land reform for biodiversity deteriorated over time. Further development of robust achievement measures is needed to encourage more accountable biodiversity conservation decisions.
机译：我们在不断清理本地植被并将土地添加到新西兰南岛内部的高度无代表性（剩余）储备网络的背景下，测量了土地改革在实现国家生物多样性保护政策目标方面的净进展。我们使用了系统的养护规划方法来开发空间明确的生物多样性丧失风险指数（RBL）。该指数纳入了来自国家数据集的信息，这些数据描述了新西兰剩余的土著土地覆盖，法律保护和土地环境，并根据关于过去栖息地丧失和法律保护的影响的既定假设对生物多样性进行了建模。该指数确定了低地环境中不可替代和脆弱的原生生境是生物多样性丧失风险最大的物种，并且该风险与受威胁植物记录的密度有关。为了衡量成就，我们使用了反映法律保护和私有化带来的收益和机会成本的指数变化。该指数用于衡量土地改革造成的差异的结果表明，这已造成生物多样性丧失风险的净增加，因为大多数易于改变生境的土地和富含受威胁植物的土地被私有化，并且至少保护了生物多样性丧失的土地。该申请显示，新的高海拔储备几乎无法缓解生物多样性的下降，低海拔土地的私有化进一步损害了低地原生生境中最脆弱的生物多样性，土地生物多样性的土地改革成果随时间而恶化。需要进一步制定有力的成就措施，以鼓励做出更负责任的生物多样性保护决定。

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