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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Grassland Bird Responses to Land Management in the Largest Remaining Tallgrass Prairie
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Grassland Bird Responses to Land Management in the Largest Remaining Tallgrass Prairie

机译：剩下的最大的高草草原草原鸟类对土地管理的反应

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Extensive habitat loss and changing agricultural practices have caused widespread declines in grassland birds throughout North America. The Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma-the largest remaining tallgrass prairie-is important for grassland bird conservation despite supporting a major cattle industry. In 2004 and 2005, we assessed the community, population, and demographic responses of grassland birds to the predominant management practices (grazing, burning, and haying) of the region, including grasslands restored under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). We targeted 3 species at the core of this avian community: the Dickcissel (Spiza americana), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Bird diversity was higher in native prairie hayfields and grazed pastures than CRP fields, which were dominated by Dickcissels. Although Dickcissel density was highest in CRP, their nest success was highest and nest parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Moluthrus ater) lowest in unburned hayfields (in 2004). Conversely, Grasshopper Sparrow density was highest in grazed pastures, but their nest success was lowest in these pastures and highest in burned hayfields, where cowbird parasitism was also lowest (in 2004). Management did not influence density and nest survival of Eastern Meadowlarks, which were uniformly low across the region. Nest success was extremely low (5-12%) for all 3 species in 2005, perhaps because of a record spring drought. Although the CRP has benefited grassland birds in agricultural landscapes, these areas may have lower habitat value in the context of native prairie. Hayfields may provide beneficial habitat for some grassland birds in the Flint Hills because they are mowed later in the breeding season than elsewhere in the Midwest. Widespread grazing and annual burning have homogenized habitat-and thus grassland-bird responses-across the Flint Hills. Diversification of management practices could increase habitat heterogeneity and enhance the conservation potential of the Flint Hills for grassland birds.
机译：广泛的栖息地丧失和不断变化的农业习惯已导致整个北美草原鸟类普遍减少。堪萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州的弗林特希尔斯（Flint Hills）尽管是一家主要的养牛业的支持者，但对草地鸟类的保护仍然非常重要，这是仅存的最大的草丛草原。在2004年和2005年，我们评估了草原鸟类对该地区主要管理实践（放牧，焚烧和干草堆放）的社区，种群和人口统计学响应，包括根据保护区计划（CRP）恢复的草地。我们将3个物种定为该鸟类群落的核心：Dickcissel（美国Spiza），蚱hopper麻雀（Ammodramus savannarum）和Eastern Meadowlark（Sturnella magna）。天然草原草场和牧场中的鸟类多样性要比以迪克西塞尔斯为主导的CRP田高。尽管在CRP中Dickcissel密度最高，但在未焚烧的干草田中，​​它们的巢成功率最高，而棕头牛bird（Moluthrus ater）的巢寄生最低（2004年）。相反，在放牧的草场中，蚱Sp的麻雀密度最高，但在这些草场中，它们的筑巢成功率最低，在烧过的干草地中，巢雀成功率最高，那里的牛鸟寄生率也最低（2004年）。管理没有影响东部草地lar的密度和巢生存，东部草地lar在整个地区均较低。 2005年，这3个物种的成巢成功率都非常低（5-12％），这可能是由于创纪录的春季干旱。尽管CRP使农业景观中的草地鸟类受益，但在草原地区，这些地区的栖息地价值可能较低。草场可能为弗林特山上的一些草地鸟类提供了有利的栖息地，因为它们在繁殖季节被割草的时间比中西部其他地方的割​​草时间晚。广泛的放牧和年度焚烧使整个弗林特山的生境和草原鸟类的反应均一化。管理方式的多样化可以增加栖息地的异质性，并提高弗林特山对草地鸟类的保护潜力。

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