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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Pyric Herbivory: Rewilding Landscapes through the Recoupling of Fire and Grazing
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Pyric Herbivory: Rewilding Landscapes through the Recoupling of Fire and Grazing

机译：Pyric草食动物：通过火和放牧的耦合而使风景荒野

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Our understanding of fire and grazing is largely based on small-scale experimental studies in which treatments are uniformly applied to experimental units that are considered homogenous. Any discussion of an interaction between fire and grazing is usually based on a statistical approach that ignores the spatial and temporal interactions on complex landscapes. We propose a new focus on the ecological interaction of fire and grazing in which each disturbance is spatially and temporally dependent on the other and results in a landscape where disturbance is best described as a shifting mosaic (a landscape with patches that vary with time since disturbance) that is critical to ecological structure and function of many ecosystems. We call this spatiotemporal interaction pyric herbivory (literal interpretation means grazing driven by fire). Pyric herbivory is the spatial and temporal interaction of fire and grazing, where positive and negative feedbacks promote a shifting pattern of disturbance across the landscape. We present data we collected from the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in the southern Great Plains of North America that demonstrates that the interaction between free-roaming bison (Bison bison) and random fires promotes heterogeneity and provides the foundation for biological diversity and ecosystem function of North American and African grasslands. This study is different from other studies of fire and grazing because the fires we examined were random and grazing animals were free to roam and select from burned and unburned patches. For ecosystems across the globe with a long history of fire and grazing, pyric herbivory with any grazing herbivore is likely more effective at restoring evolutionary disturbance patterns than a focus on restoring any large vertebrate while ignoring the interaction with fire and other disturbances.
机译：我们对火灾和放牧的理解主要基于小规模的实验研究，在该研究中，将处理统一应用于被视为同质的实验单位。关于火灾与放牧之间相互作用的任何讨论通常都基于统计方法，而忽略了复杂景观在空间和时间上的相互作用。我们提出了一个新的重点，即火与草的生态相互作用，其中每种干扰在空间和时间上都相互依赖，从而形成了一个景观，在该景观中，干扰被最好地描述为移动的马赛克（自干扰以来，斑块随时间变化的景观） ）对于许多生态系统的生态结构和功能至关重要。我们称这种时空相互作用为草食性（字面解释是指由火驱动的放牧）。焦食性是火和放牧的时空相互作用，正反馈和负反馈促进了整个景观扰动的变化。我们提供了从北美大平原南部塔尔格拉斯草原保护区收集的数据，这些数据表明自由漫游野牛（野牛野牛）与随机火灾之间的相互作用促进了异质性，并为北美生物多样性和生态系统功能提供了基础和非洲草原。这项研究与其他有关放牧和放牧的研究不同，因为我们检查的火灾是随机的，放牧动物可以自由漫游并从燃烧和未燃烧的斑块中进行选择。对于全球着火和放牧历史悠久的生态系统而言，具有任何放牧草食动物的火热草食动物在恢复进化扰动模式方面可能比在不考虑与火和其他扰动相互作用的情况下专注于恢复任何大型脊椎动物更有效。

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