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A phylogenetic approach to conserving amazonian biodiversity

机译：保护亚马逊生物多样性的系统进化方法

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Amazonia is a highly threatened rainforest that encompasses a major proportion of Earth's biological diversity. Our main goal was to establish conservation priorities for Amazonia's areas of endemism on the basis of measures of evolutionary distinctiveness. We considered two previously identified sets of areas of endemism. The first set consisted of eight large areas used traditionally in biogeographical studies: Belém, Tapajós, Xingu, Guiana, Rond?nia, Imeri, Inambari, and Napo. The second set consisted of 16 smaller areas that were subdivisions of the larger areas. We assembled a data set of 50 phylogenies that represented 16 orders and 1715 distributional records. We identified priority conservation areas for the areas of endemism according to node-based metrics of evolutionary distinctiveness. We contrasted these results with priority areas identified on the basis of raw species richness and species endemicity. For the larger areas, we identified Guiana and Inambari as the first- and second-most important areas for conservation. The remaining areas in this first group scored half (e.g., Napo) or less than Guiana and Inambari on all indices. For the smaller areas, a subdivision of Guiana (i.e., Guyana and the Brazilian states of Roraima and Amazonas) was at the top of the ranking and was followed by a subdivision of Inambari (i.e., northwestern portion of Amazonas) and then another subdivision of Guiana (i.e., Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian state of Amapá). The distinctiveness-based rankings of the priority of areas correlated directly with those derived from species richness and species endemicity. Current conservation strategies in Amazonia, although they rely on many other criteria apart from phylogeny, are focusing on the most important areas for conservation we identified here.
机译：亚马逊河是一种高度威胁的雨林，涵盖了地球生物多样性的很大一部分。我们的主要目标是在进化独特性的基础上，为亚马孙地区的特有物种保护领域确定优先重点。我们考虑了两个先前确定的地方特有领域。第一组包括传统上用于生物地理研究的八个大区域：贝伦，塔帕霍斯，辛古，圭亚那，朗德尼亚，伊梅里，伊南巴里和那坡。第二组包括16个较小的区域，它们是较大区域的细分。我们组装了一个包含50个系统发育史的数据集，这些数据代表了16个阶和1715个分布记录。我们根据进化独特性的基于节点的指标，确定了地方病优先保护区。我们将这些结果与根据原始物种丰富度和物种特有度确定的优先领域进行了对比。对于较大的地区，我们将圭亚那和伊南巴里确定为第一和第二重要的保护区。在所有指数中，第一组的其余部分得分均低于半数（例如Napo）或低于圭亚那和Inambari。对于较小的区域，圭亚那的一个细分（即圭亚那以及巴西的罗赖马州和亚马孙州）位于第一位，其次是伊纳巴里的一个细分（即亚马孙州的西北部），然后是圭亚那（即苏里南，法属圭亚那和巴西阿马帕州）。基于独特性的区域优先级排序与物种丰富度和物种特有性直接相关。亚马逊河地区目前的保护策略尽管依赖于系统发育之外的许多其他标准，但仍侧重于我们在此确定的最重要的保护领域。

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