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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Detecting the effects of fishing on seabed community diversity: Importance of scale and sample size
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Detecting the effects of fishing on seabed community diversity: Importance of scale and sample size

机译：检测捕捞对海底群落多样性的影响：规模和样本量的重要性

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Large-scale anthropogenic disturbances of terrestrial and marine environments, such as logging and fishing, are generally assumed to have negative effects on species diversity, but this supposition is often not supported by empirical observations. I investigated the importance of the extent of area sampled to the observed outcome of comparisons of the diversity of seabed assemblages in different areas of the seabed that experience either low or high levels of fishing disturbance. Using a finite data set within each disturbance regime, I pooled samples of the benthic communities at random. Thus, although individual sample size increased with each additional level of pooled data, the number of samples decreased accordingly. Detecting the effects of disturbance on species diversity was strongly scale-dependent. Despite increased replication at smaller scales, disturbance effects were more apparent when larger but less numerous samples were collected. The detection of disturbance effects was also affected by the choice of sampling device. Disturbance effects were apparent with pooled anchor-dredge samples but were not apparent with pooled beam-trawl samples. A more detailed examination of the beam-trawl data emphasized that a whole-community approach to the investigation of changes in diversity can miss responses in particular components of the community (e.g., decapod crustacea). The latter may be more adversely affected by disturbance than the majority of the taxa found within the benthic assemblage. Further, the diversity of some groups (e.g., echinoderms) actually increased with disturbance. Experimental designs and sampling regimes that focus on diversity at only one scale may miss important disturbance effects that occur at larger or smaller scales. [References: 37]
机译：一般认为，大规模的陆地和海洋环境人为干扰，例如伐木和捕捞，对物种多样性具有负面影响，但是经验假设通常不支持这种假设。我调查了采样面积的重要性对比较受到低水平或高水平捕鱼干扰的海床不同区域中海床组合多样性的观察结果的重要性。使用每个扰动范围内的有限数据集，我随机汇总了底栖生物的样本。因此，尽管合并数据的每个附加级别都增加了单个样本大小，但样本数量却相应减少了。检测干扰对物种多样性的影响在很大程度上与规模有关。尽管在较小规模上复制增加，但是当收集到较大但数量较少的样本时，干扰效应更加明显。干扰影响的检测也受到采样设备选择的影响。扰动效应在合并的锚式挖泥船样本中很明显，而在合并的梁拖网样本中则不明显。对光束拖网数据进行更详细的检查时强调，研究多样性变化的全社区方法可能会错过社区特定组成部分（例如十足纲甲壳纲）的响应。与底栖组合中发现的大多数分类单元相比，后者可能受到干扰的不利影响更大。此外，某些群体（例如棘皮动物）的多样性实际上随着干扰而增加。仅关注一个尺度的多样性的实验设计和采样方案可能会错过发生在更大或更小的尺度上的重要干扰效应。 [参考：37]

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