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Effects of life-history traits on responses of plant species to forest fragmentation

机译：生活史特征对植物物种对森林破碎化反应的影响

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Knowing the general principles of plant-environment relationships is required to be able to predict changes in species occurrence and abundance in changing landscapes. Because habitat fragmentation may affect the dispersal, establishment, and persistence of species in various ways, we expected associations between species life-history traits related to these processes and their responses to fragmentation. We tested (1) whether groups of plant species with specific biological attributes are especially affected by forest fragmentation and (2) whether regionally rare species are more negatively affected than more common species. We surveyed 145 deciduous forest patches in northwestern Germany for the presence of a large set of forest plant species. For each of 82 species, we collected data on eight life-history traits and estimated species' responses to decreased patch size and increased distance to other occupied forest patches. We classified species into two emergent groups that differed strongly with respect to most considered life-history traits. The group of species that was more negatively affected by isolation mostly consisted of clonal forest specialist species characterized by few and heavy diaspores, lack of dispersal structures, small size, short-lived seeds, and insect pollination. There was no effect of patch area. Univariate analyses revealed (marginally) significant relationships between species' responses to isolation and diaspore number and mass, plant height, and habitat preference and between responses to patch area and seed-bank longevity plant height, and habitat preference. Regional frequency of occurrence was not correlated to species' responses to fragmentation and did not differ between the two emergent groups. Rare species, however, were smaller and produced fewer and shorter-lived diaspores than common species. Forest fragmentation may thus threaten species differently, depending on their specific biological characteristics. Approaches based on life-history traits potentially allow prediction of species' responses to habitat fragmentation and may therefore aid in the assessment of the endangerment of plant species and ultimately in the conservation of biological diversity.
机译：需要知道植物与环境关系的一般原理，以便能够预测物种发生的变化以及景观变化时的丰度。由于栖息地破碎化可能以各种方式影响物种的扩散，建立和持久性，因此我们期望与这些过程相关的物种生命历史特征与其对破碎的反应之间存在关联。我们测试了（1）具有特定生物学特性的植物物种群是否特别受到森林破碎的影响，以及（2）与较常见的物种相比，地区稀有物种是否受到更大的负面影响。我们调查了德国西北部的145个落叶​​林斑块中是否存在大量的森林植物物种。对于82个物种中的每个物种，我们收集了八个生命历史特征的数据，并估计了物种对斑块尺寸减小和与其他被占领森林斑块距离增加的响应。我们将物种分为两个新兴群体，它们在大多数被认为是生命史特征方面存在很大差异。受隔离影响更大的物种组主要包括克隆森林专科物种，其特征是孢子少而重，缺乏分散结构，体积小，种子寿命短和昆虫授粉。没有补丁区域的影响。单变量分析揭示了（略有）物种对隔离和水生孢子数量和质量，植物高度和生境偏好的反应与对斑块面积和种子库长寿植物高度和生境偏好的反应之间的显着关系。区域发生的频率与物种对破碎的反应没有关系，并且在两个新兴群体之间没有差异。然而，稀有物种比普通物种更小，并产生更少，寿命更短的水生孢子。因此，森林碎片化可能会根据物种的特定生物学特性而对物种造成不同的威胁。基于生命历史特征的方法可能允许预测物种对生境破碎的反应，因此可能有助于评估植物物种的危害，并最终有助于保护生物多样性。

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