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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Latitudinal variation in the prevalence and intensity of chytrid (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) infection in Eastern Australia
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Latitudinal variation in the prevalence and intensity of chytrid (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) infection in Eastern Australia

机译：澳大利亚东部乳糜菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis）感染的发生率和强度的纬度变化

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Chytridiomycosis is a recently emerged, infectious skin disease of amphibians that has been linked directly to mass mortalities, population declines, and species extinctions worldwide. An understanding of the factors that limit the distribution and abundance of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (the etiological agent of chytridiomycosis) is urgently required. We conducted disease surveys at 31 lowland sites distributed north-south along 2315 km of the Australian east coast that encompassed 20.8 degrees of latitude. A total of 863 adult male stony creek frogs (Litoria lesueuri complex) were sampled, and the overall prevalence of B. dendrobatidis infection was 26%. B. dendrobatidis was detected at 77% of the sites, including sites at the northern and southern limits of the latitudinal transect. Frogs from temperate regions, however bad significantly more intense infections than did their tropical counterparts, often carrying an order of magnitude more B. dendrobatidis zoospores, suggesting that at low elevations, temperate frogs are at higher risk of chytridiomycosis-induced mortality than are tropical frogs. The prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis infections were significantly greater at sites with high rainfall (>33 mm in the 30 days prior to sampling) and cool temperatures (stream temperature 1 h after sunset < 23 degrees C). Although climatic variables explained much of the variation in the prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis infections between infected and uninfected sites, frog snout-vent length was consistently the best predictor of infection levels across infected sites. Small frogs were more likely to be infected and carried more intense infections than larger frogs, suggesting either that frogs can outgrow their chytrid infections or that the disease induces developmental stress that limits growth. Our results will directly assist amphibian disease researchers and wildlife managers, whose conservation efforts should focus on those amphibian populations living within the B. dendrobatidis climatic envelope that we have described.
机译：壶菌病是一种新近出现的两栖类传染性皮肤病，与世界各地的大规模死亡，人口减少和物种灭绝直接相关。迫切需要了解限制分支杆菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis，乳糜菌病的病原体）的分布和数量的因素。我们在分布于南纬20.8度的澳大利亚东海岸2315公里的南北分布的31个低地进行了疾病调查。总共采样了863只成年雄性石质小溪蛙（Litoria lesueuri复合体），B。dendrobatidis感染的总体患病率为26％。在77％的位置（包括在纬度横断面的北部和南部边界的位置）检测到B. dendrobatidis。来自温带地区的青蛙比热带青蛙更严重地受到更强的感染，通常携带更多的B. dendrobatidis游动孢子，这表明在低海拔地区，温带青蛙比由热带青蛙引起的霉菌病致死风险更高。 。在高降雨（采样前30天内> 33毫米）和凉爽温度（日落后<23摄氏度后1小时的溪流温度）的地点，B。dendrobatidis感染的发生率和强度明显更高。尽管气候变量解释了受感染和未感染部位之间的B. dendrobatidis感染的发生率和强度的很大变化，但是青蛙口鼻孔长度始终是感染部位感染水平的最佳预测指标。与大青蛙相比，小青蛙更容易被感染并受到更强烈的感染，这表明青蛙可以摆脱食糜感染，或者该疾病诱发了限制生长的发育压力。我们的研究结果将直接为两栖动物疾病研究人员和野生动植物管理者提供帮助，他们的保护工作应集中在我们描述的B. dendrobatidis气候范围内的两栖动物种群。

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