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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >The Sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru
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The Sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru

机译：秘鲁马努国家公园的Matsigenka土著社区维持生计狩猎的可持续性

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摘要

The presence of indigenous people in tropical parks has fueled a debate over whether people in parks are conservation allies or direct threats to biodiversity. A well-known example is the Matsigenka (or Machiguenga) population residing in Manu National Park in Peruvian Amazonia. Because the exploitation of wild meat (or bushmeat), especially large vertebrates, represents the most significant internal threat to biodiversity in Manu, we analyzed 1 year of participatory monitoring of game offtake in two Malsigenka native communities within Manu Park (102,397 consumer days and 2,089 prey items). We used the Robinson and Redford (1991) index to identify five prey species hunted at or above maximum sustainable yield within the similar to 150-km(2) core hunting zones of the two communities: woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha), spider monkey (Ateles chamek), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), Razor-billed Currasow, (Mitu tuberosa), and Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu). There was little or no evidence that any of these five species has become depleted, other than locally, despite a near doubling of the human population since 1988. Hunter-prey profiles have not changed since 1988, and there has been little change in per capita consumption rates or mean prey weights. The current offtake by the Malsigenka appears to be sustainable, apparently due to source-sink dynamics. Source-sink dynamics imply that even with continued human population growth within a settlement, offtake for each hunted species will eventually reach an asymptote. Thus, stabilizing the Matsigenka population around existing settlements should be a primary policy goal for Manu Park.
机译：热带公园中土著居民的存在引发了关于公园中的人们是保护盟友还是直接威胁生物多样性的辩论。一个著名的例子是居住在秘鲁亚马逊亚马努国家公园中的Matsigenka（或Machiguenga）人口。由于对野生肉类（或食用森林猎物）的开采，特别是大型脊椎动物，是对马努生物多样性的最大内部威胁，因此，我们分析了对马努公园内两个Malsigenka土著社区的野味消费进行了为期1年的参与监测（102,397个消费日和2,089个消费日）猎物）。我们使用Robinson和Redford（1991）指数来确定在两个社区的150 km（2）核心狩猎区域的相似范围内以最大可持续产量或以上水平捕猎的五个猎物物种：羊毛猴（Lagothrix lagotricha），蜘蛛猴（ Ateles chamek），白唇野猪（Tayassu pecari），剃刀开帐单的Currasow（Mitu tuberosa）和Spix's Guan（Penelope jacquacu）。尽管自1988年以来人口几乎翻了一番，但几乎没有或没有证据表明这五个物种中的任何一个除本地以外都已枯竭。自1988年以来猎人猎物的分布没有变化，人均变化很小消耗率或平均猎物重量。 Malsigenka目前的采购量似乎是可持续的，这显然是由于源汇动态。源库动态表明，即使在定居点内人口持续增长，每个被捕猎物种的捕获量最终也会达到渐近线。因此，稳定现有定居点周围的Matsigenka人口应该是Manu Park的主要政策目标。

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