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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Role of Crab Herbivory in Die-Off of New England Salt Marshes
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Role of Crab Herbivory in Die-Off of New England Salt Marshes

机译：食草蟹在新英格兰盐沼的灭顶中的作用

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Die-offs of cordgrass are pervasive throughout western Atlantic salt marshes, yet understanding of the mechanisms precipitating these events is limited. We tested whether herbivory by the native crab, Sesarma reticulatum, is generating die-offs of cordgrass that are currently occurring on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (U.S.A.), by manipulating crab access to cordgrass transplanted into die-off areas and healthy vegetation. We surveyed 12 Cape Cod marshes to investigate whether the extent of cordgrass die-off on creek banks, where die-offs are concentrated, was related to local Sesarma grazing intensity and crab density. We then used archived aerial images to examine whether creek bank die-off areas have expanded over the past 2 decades and tested the hypothesis that release from predation, leading to elevated Sesarma densities, is triggering cordgrass die-offs by tethering crabs where die-offs are pervasive and where die-offs have not yet been reported. Intensity of crab grazing on transplanted cordgrass was an order of magnitude higher in die-off areas than in adjacent vegetation. Surveys revealed that Sesarma herbivory has denuded nearly half the creek banks in Cape Cod marshes, and differences in crab-grazing intensity among marshes explained > 80% of variation in the extent of the die-offs. Moreover, the rate of die-off expansion and area of marsh affected have more than doubled since 2000. Crab-tethering experiments suggest that release from predation has triggered elevated crab densities that are driving these die-offs, indicating that disruption of predator-prey interactions may be generating the collapse of marsh ecosystems previously thought to be exclusively under bottom-up control.
机译：在整个西大西洋盐沼中普遍死于草屑，但对促成这些事件的机理的了解却很有限。我们通过操纵螃蟹进入被移植到死亡地区和健康植被中的绳索草来测试本地螃蟹Sesarma reticulatum的草食性是否正在导致目前在美国马萨诸塞州科德角发生的草屑死亡。我们调查了科德角（Cape Cod）的12处沼泽地，以调查死角集中在小溪岸上的草草死角的程度是否与当地的Sesarma放牧强度和蟹密度有关。然后，我们使用存档的航空图像来检查在过去的20年中小溪河沿岸的死地面积是否有所扩大，并检验了以下假设：捕食释放导致塞萨尔马（Sesarma）密度升高，是通过束缚螃蟹的死地来触发草丛死地的原因。普遍存在，尚未报告死亡的地方。死草地区放牧的草丛上放牧蟹的强度比邻近的植被高一个数量级。调查显示，塞萨尔草食动物剥夺了科德角沼泽地近半条河岸，沼泽中蟹的放牧强度差异解释了死地变化的幅度> 80％。此外，自2000年以来，死亡的扩展速度和受沼泽影响的面积增加了一倍以上。螃蟹的束缚实验表明，从捕食中释放会触发螃蟹密度的升高，从而驱使这些死亡，这表明掠食者-猎物的破坏相互作用可能导致沼泽生态系统的崩溃，以前认为这些生态系统完全受自下而上的控制。

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