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Advantages of Volunteer-Based Biodiversity Monitoring in Europe

机译：欧洲基于自愿者的生物多样性监测的优势

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Without robust and unbiased systems for monitoring, changes in natural systems will remain enigmatic for policy makers, leaving them without a clear idea of the consequences of any environmental policies they might adopt. Generally, biodiversity-monitoring activities are not integrated or evaluated across any large geographic region. The EuMon project conducted the first large-scale evaluation of monitoring practices in Europe through an on-line questionnaire and is reporting on the results of this survey. In September 2007 the EuMon project had documented 395 monitoring schemes for species, which represents a total annual cost of about (sic)4 million, involving more than 46,000 persons devoting over 148,000 person-days/year to biodiversity-monitoring activities. Here we focused on the analysis of variations of monitoring practices across a set of taxonomic groups ( birds, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, butterflies, plants, and other insects) and across 5 European countries ( France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, and Poland). Our results suggest that the overall sampling effort of a scheme is linked with the proportion of volunteers involved in that scheme. Because precision is a function of the number of monitored sites and the number of sites is maximized by volunteer involvement, our results do not support the common belief that volunteer-based schemes are too noisy to be informative. Just the opposite, we believe volunteer-based schemes provide relatively reliable data, with state-of-the-art survey designs or data-analysis methods, and consequently can yield unbiased results. Quality of data collected by volunteers is more likely determined by survey design, analytical methodology, and communication skills within the schemes rather than by volunteer involvement per se.
机译：如果没有健壮且公正的监测系统，自然系统的变化将对决策者仍然难以为继，使他们对可能采取的任何环境政策的后果一无所知。通常，没有在任何大地理区域内对生物多样性监测活动进行整合或评估。 EuMon项目通过在线问卷调查对欧洲的监视实践进行了首次大规模评估，并报告了该调查的结果。在2007年9月，EuMon项目记录了395个物种监测计划，这意味着每年总计约400万（原文如此）的成本，涉及46,000多人，每年将超过148,000人日的时间用于生物多样性监测活动。在这里，我们着重分析一组分类组（鸟类，两栖动物和爬行动物，哺乳动物，蝴蝶，植物和其他昆虫）和五个欧洲国家（法国，德国，匈牙利，立陶宛和波兰）的监测实践的变化。 ）。我们的结果表明，该计划的总体抽样工作与该计划所涉及的志愿者比例有关。由于精度是受监控站点数量的函数，并且志愿者参与可以使站点数量最大化，因此我们的结果并不支持这样一个普遍的信念，即基于志愿者的计划过于嘈杂而无法提供信息。恰恰相反，我们认为基于志愿者的计划可以提供相对可靠的数据，并具有最新的调查设计或数据分析方法，因此可以产生公正的结果。志愿者收集的数据质量更有可能由计划中的调查设计，分析方法和沟通技巧决定，而不是由志愿者本身参与。

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