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Spatial variation in species diversity and composition of forest Lepidoptera in eastern deciduous forests of North America

机译：北美东部落叶林中鳞翅目森林物种多样性和组成的空间变异

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The primary emphasis of conservation biology has moved away from attempting to manage single species within a given habitat to the preservation of entire communities within ecoregions, requiring that greater attention be paid to how biodiversity and species composition vary across spatial scales. Using a nested sampling design, we examined spatial variation in the biodiversity of forest Lepidoptera across three hierarchical levels: 20 forest stands, five sites, and three ecoregions. We used blacklight traps to sample the moth communities of each forest stand every week in June and August of 2000. Lepidopteran community composition was most significantly influenced by ecoregional differences, whereas patterns of alpha and beta diversity across scales differed depending on how diversity was measured. Diversity partitioning models demonstrated that turnover in species richness occurred equally across all spatial scales because numerically rare species were continually encountered. In contrast, within-stand effects disproportionately influenced Simpson and Shannon diversity (relative to outcomes from randomization tests), suggesting that local factors determined species dominance. Because most Lepidoptera in forests appear to be rare (>50%), it will be impossible for conservation biologists to design management plans to account for every species. We suggest that a more meaningful strategy would be to identify species that attain a reasonable abundance within a community (5-10% of all the individuals in a sample) and that are unique to particular spatial levels. This strategy should produce two desirable outcomes: the conservation of species that render ecoregions distinct and the maintenance of functionally dominant species within forests. [References: 49]
机译：保护生物学的主要重点已经从尝试管理给定栖息地中的单个物种转移到了生态区域内整个社区的保护，这要求更加关注生物多样性和物种组成如何在空间尺度上变化。我们使用嵌套抽样设计，研究了鳞翅目森林生物多样性在三个层次上的空间变化：20个林分，五个地点和三个生态区。我们使用黑光陷阱对2000年6月和2000年每周的每个林分的蛾类群落进行采样。鳞翅目群落组成受生态区域差异的影响最大，而不同尺度上的α和β多样性模式则取决于对多样性的测量方式。多样性划分模型表明，由于不断遇到数量稀少的物种，物种丰富度的周转在所有空间尺度上均等地发生。相比之下，站内效应对辛普森和香农多样性的影响不成比例（相对于随机试验的结果），表明局部因素决定了物种的优势。由于森林中的大多数鳞翅目动物似乎很少见（> 50％），因此保护生物学家不可能设计出涵盖每种物种的管理计划。我们建议一种更有意义的策略是识别在某个社区内达到合理丰度的物种（样本中所有个体的5-10％），并且该物种对于特定的空间水平是唯一的。该战略应产生两个理想的结果：保护使生态区域与众不同的物种，以及在森林中维持功能上占优势的物种。 [参考：49]

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