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Additive partitioning of species diversity across multiple spatial scales: Implications for regional conservation of biodiversity

机译：物种多样性在多个空间尺度上的加性划分：对生物多样性区域保护的意义

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Ecologists and conservation biologists are keenly interested in how patterns of species diversity change across spatial scales. We examined how additive partitioning can be used to statistically evaluate spatial patterns of species diversity and develop conservation strategies. We applied additive partitioning to data on arboreal beetle diversity (richness, Shannon, Simpson) collected from a nested design consisting of four hierarchical levels-trees, forest stands, sites, and ecoregions-that corresponded to increasingly broader spatial scales within the eastern deciduous forest of Ohio and Indiana (U.S.A.). A significant percentage (relative to that of randomization tests) of total species richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity was attributed to beta diversity between ecoregions and, to a lesser extent, among sites (parks and nature preserves) within ecoregions. Hierarchical cluster analysis corroborated these findings. We also found differences between rare species (<0.05% of total abundance) and common species (>0.5% of total abundance) in the overall percentage of richness explained by each spatial scale. Rare species accounted for the majority (45%) of the 583 total beetle species in our study and were strongly influenced by broad spatial scales (i.e., ecoregions), whereas the richness of common species was significantly greater than expected across the range of spatial scales (from trees to ecoregions). Our results suggest that the most effective way to preserve beetle diversity in the eastern deciduous forest of the United States is to acquire and protect multiple sites within different ecoregions. More generally, we advocate the use of diversity partitioning because it complements existing models in conservation biology and provides a unique approach to understanding species diversity across spatial scales. [References: 63]
机译：生态学家和保护生物学家对物种多样性的格局如何在空间尺度上发生变化非常感兴趣。我们研究了如何使用加性分配来统计评估物种多样性的空间格局并制定保护策略。我们将加性分区应用于从嵌套设计中收集的关于树木甲虫多样性（丰富度，香农，辛普森）的数据，该嵌套设计由四个分层级别构成：树木，林分，地点和生态区，这些区域对应于东部落叶林内越来越广泛的空间尺度俄亥俄州和印第安纳州（美国）。总物种丰富度以及香农和辛普森多样性的很大一部分百分比（相对于随机检验而言）归因于生态区域之间，以及在较小程度上，生态区域内地点（公园和自然保护区）之间的β多样性。层次聚类分析证实了这些发现。我们还发现，稀有物种（<0.05％的总丰度）与常见物种（> 0.5％的总丰度）之间的差异由每个空间尺度来解释。在我们的研究中，稀有物种占全部583种甲虫的大多数（45％），并受到广泛的空间尺度（即生态区域）的强烈影响，而常见物种的丰富度在整个空间尺度范围内都大大超过预期（从树木到生态区）。我们的结果表明，在美国东部落叶林中保护甲虫多样性的最有效方法是在不同生态区域内获取和保护多个地点。更笼统地说，我们提倡使用多样性分区，因为它可以补充现有的保护生物学模型，并提供一种独特的方法来理解整个空间尺度上的物种多样性。 [参考：63]

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