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Inclusion of native and alien species in temperate nature reserves: An historical study from Central Europe

机译：将本地和外来物种纳入温带自然保护区：来自中欧的历史研究

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We studied the establishment and inclusion of native and alien plant species in nature reserves in the Czech Republic. Our aim was to answer the following questions: Do young and old nature reserves contain the same proportion of invasive plant species? Does the time of their introduction affect their representation in these reserves? We obtained recent lists of vascular plant species for 302 reserves established since 1838 and designated the species as native or alien. We divided the latter category into archaeophytes and neophytes, introduced before and after 1500, respectively. The increase in the number of reserves and species was evaluated by inclusion curves. For inclusion curves describing an increase in the number of reserves, the estimated time of 50% inclusion indicated when half the reserves of a particular type were established. For inclusion curves describing an increase in the number of species, the estimated time of 50% inclusion indicated when half the species of a particular category (native species, all aliens, archaeophytes, neophytes), reported from the country, were included in the nature reserves. The forest and dry-grassland reserves were established earlier than those in wetlands and peat bogs, whereas humid-grassland reserves tended to be the most recently established. Half the native species were included significantly earlier ( after 25 years) than half of alien species (86 years), and half the neophytes were included later ( 143 years) than half the archaeophytes (31 years). Early reserves harbor a significantly lower number of alien species than those established later. These reserves include a higher proportion of the Czech Republic's native species and archaeophytes than of its neophytes. There was no difference in the relative rates of inclusion of native species, archaeophytes, and neophytes. However, the fact that the same inclusion rate applies to neophytes, a group with an increasing species pool, as to archaeophytes and native species, which both have constant species pools, suggests that natural vegetation in nature reserves is an effective barrier against the establishment of alien species. On a historical time scale, the early establishment of nature reserves in a given country decreases the probability that the reserve will be invaded by alien plants. [References: 50]
机译：我们研究了捷克共和国自然保护区中本地植物和外来植物物种的建立和纳入。我们的目的是回答以下问题：年轻人和老人自然保护区是否包含相同比例的入侵植物？引入时间是否会影响其在这些保护区中的代表？我们获得了自1838年以来建立的302个保护区的维管植物物种的最新列表，并将这些物种指定为本地或外来物种。我们将后一类分为古植物和新植物，分别在1500年之前和之后引入。通过包含曲线评估了保护区和物种数量的增加。对于描述储量增加的夹杂物曲线，当建立了特定类型的储量的一半时，估计包含50％夹杂物的时间。对于描述物种数量增加的包含曲线，估计50％包含时间是指该国报告的特定类别的一半物种（本地物种，所有外来物种，古生植物，新植物）被包括在自然界中储备。森林和干草原保护区的建立要早于湿地和泥炭沼泽的保护区，而湿草原保护区的保护区往往是最近建立的。一半的原生物种（25年后）被纳入的时间明显早于一半的外来物种（86年），一半的新植物被纳入的时间（143年）比一半的古生植物（31年）要晚。早期保护区的外来物种数量明显少于后来建立的保护区。这些保护区所包括的捷克共和国本地物种和古生植物所占比例高于其新生植物。本地物种，古生植物和新生植物的相对包容率没有差异。但是，对于具有相同物种库的古生植物和本地物种而言，相同物种的包容率适用于新物种（具有不断增加的物种库的群体）这一事实表明，自然保护区中的天然植被是阻止建立新物种的有效障碍。外来物种。在历史时间尺度上，在给定国家中早日建立自然保护区，可以减少自然保护区被外来植物入侵的可能性。 [参考：50]

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