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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and fungi in northern Swedish boreal forests
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Verifying an extinction debt among lichens and fungi in northern Swedish boreal forests

机译：验证瑞典北部北方森林中地衣和真菌的灭绝债务

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摘要

Destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats results in small species populations that face increased risk of extinction. A time delay may be involved in the regional extinction of species, and the number of species that eventually may go extinct in the future is called the "extinction debt." In boreal Sweden, we examined whether the number of epiphytic crustose lichens and wood-inhabiting fungi in old-growth forest remnants diverges from species richness levels in forest patches that have been naturally isolated for millennia. An excess of species in forest remnants could indicate the presence of an extinction debt. Observed species richness in 32 old-growth forest remnants (also called woodland key habitats [WKHs]) was compared with predicted species richness. To predict species richness we used regression models based on data from 46 isolated old-growth forest patches in a forest-wetland matrix. The reference landscape is ancient and assumed to reflect the conditions of insular floras in dynamic equilibrium. Stand factors constituted predictive variables in the models. The observed number of lichen species was higher than expected (i.e., an extinction debt among lichens may exist). By contrast, there was no significant difference between observed and expected species richness among wood-inhabiting fungi. The species richness of wood-inhabiting fungi has adjusted to the changes in forest and landscape structure more rapidly than the species richness of lichens. Differences in substrate dynamics between epiphytes on living trees and species growing on decaying logs might explain the difference between species groups. The results also indicate that population densities of red-listed species were low, which may result in continuing extinctions of red-listed species. The importance of WKHs might be overvalued because species may be lost if conservation efforts consider only protection and preservation of WKHs.
机译：自然栖息地的破坏和破碎导致小物种种群面临更大的灭绝风险。物种的区域灭绝可能涉及时间延迟，将来最终可能灭绝的物种数量称为“灭绝债务”。在瑞典北部，我们检查了老龄森林残留物中附生的地壳地衣和栖木真菌的数量是否与自然隔离了几千年的森林斑块中的物种丰富度水平不同。森林残留物中物种过多可能表明存在灭绝债务。将观察到的32种旧林残迹（也称为林地关键生境[WKHs]）中的物种丰富度与预测的物种丰富度进行了比较。为了预测物种丰富度，我们使用了回归模型，该模型基于森林湿地矩阵中46个孤立的老生长森林斑块的数据。参考景观是古老的，假定可以反映动态平衡中的岛状植物群状况。站立因素构成模型中的预测变量。观察到的地衣物种数量高于预期（即，地衣之间可能存在灭绝债务）。相反，在居住木材的真菌中，观察到的物种丰富度与预期物种丰富度之间没有显着差异。与地衣的物种丰富度相比，居住木材的真菌的物种丰富度已更快地适应了森林和景观结构的变化。活树上的附生植物和腐烂的原木上生长的物种之间底物动力学的差异可能解释了物种组之间的差异。结果还表明，红色名录物种的种群密度较低，这可能导致红色名录物种的持续灭绝。 WKHs的重要性可能被高估，因为如果保护工作仅考虑WKHs的保护和保存，物种可能会流失。

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