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Planning for biodiversity: The role of ecological impact assessment

机译：生物多样性规划：生态影响评估的作用

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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of identifying potential environmental effects of proposed development and the required mitigation measures. It is one of the most widely used planning tools today, but its ability to promote biodiversity conservation is largely unexplored. We studied the ecological component of the Israeli EIA system by reviewing a representative sample of 52 environmental impact statements (EISs) produced since 1995 and their corresponding guidelines issued by the Ministry of the Environment. Quality of both EISs and guidelines was determined using a simple scoring approach. Lack of quantitative data, meaningful analyses, and ecosystem perspective was apparent throughout. Many EISs failed to perform field surveys and their qualitative nature hampered meaningful impact prediction. Most EISs concentrated on aesthetic mitigation measures and did not assess their feasibility and likely success. Most of these flaws reflect poor standards rather than true scientific limitations. Guideline quality scores were the most important factor determining the quality of EISs; second was the involvement of an ecological consultant in preparing the EIS. We found a decreasing trend of EIS quality scores over time. Improvements in EIA procedures, particularly in ecological guidelines and the incorporation of ecological consultation; are important for upgrading ecological impact assessment so that the potential of EIA to advance biodiversity conservation can be realized.
机译：环境影响评估（EIA）是确定拟议开发项目和所需缓解措施的潜在环境影响的过程。它是当今使用最广泛的计划工具之一，但是其促进生物多样性保护的能力在很大程度上尚未得到开发。我们通过审查自1995年以来制作的52个环境影响声明（EIS）的代表性样本以及环境部发布的相应指南，研究了以色列EIA系统的生态成分。使用简单的评分方法确定EIS和指南的质量。缺乏量化数据，有意义的分析和生态系统观点贯穿始终。许多EIS未能进行现场调查，其质量性质妨碍了有意义的影响预测。大多数EIS都集中在减轻美学影响的措施上，并未评估其可行性和成功的可能性。这些缺陷中的大多数反映出不良的标准，而不是真正的科学限制。指南质量评分是确定EIS质量的最重要因素;第二是让生态顾问参与EIS的准备工作。我们发现EIS质量得分随着时间的推移呈下降趋势。改善环境影响评价程序，特别是在生态准则和纳入生态咨询方面;对于提升生态影响评估非常重要，以便可以实现EIA促进生物多样性保护的潜力。

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