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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Effects of widespread fish introductions on paedomorphic newts in Europe
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Effects of widespread fish introductions on paedomorphic newts in Europe

机译：大量引进鱼类对欧洲古猿的影响

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As a result of factors such as global warming, habitat destruction, and species introduction, amphibians are declining worldwide. No one, however, has analyzed the status of polymorphic amphibian species at a national or continental scale, although some local reports exist. Our aim was to report on the loss of intraspecific heterochrony as a loss to diversity in determining the consequences of fish stocking on European populations of paedomorphic newts. Paedomorphosis is a polymorphism in which larval traits are retained in the adult stage. We surveyed 39 paedomorphic populations of the alpine ( Triturus alpestris) and palmate ( T. helveticus) newts, all but one of which initially occupied fishless ponds and lakes in France, Italy, Slovenia, Bosnia, Montenegro, and Greece. Exotic fishes were found in 44% of the studied aquatic habitats, with a 100% presence in Montenegro. At all sites paedomorphs disappeared and metamorphs declined. Only fish explained these population changes because alternative factors such as drying were not significant. More catastrophically, fish introductions occurred in habitats known to support the largest populations of newts and even some endemic subspecies. If management and legislative measures are not taken to stop fish stocking, protect paedomorphs as conservation units at national and international levels, and restore natural habitats, all the largest paedomorphic populations may disappear in the near future. Their disappearance would represent a loss of one of the rare, fascinating examples of intraspecific heterochrony.
机译：由于全球变暖，栖息地破坏和物种引进等因素的影响，两栖动物在世界范围内正在下降。然而，没有人在国家或大陆范围内分析多态两栖动物的状况，尽管有一些地方报道。我们的目的是报告种内异时性的丧失，这是多样性的丧失，因为它决定了鱼类种群对欧洲人形new的影响。 Paedomorphosis是一种多态性，其中成虫阶段保留了幼虫性状。我们调查了39个高地（Triturus alpestris）和棕榈酸（T. helveticus）ts的古样种群，除了其中的一个，它们全部最初居住在法国，意大利，斯洛文尼亚，波斯尼亚，黑山和希腊的无鱼池塘和湖泊中。在研究的44％的水生生境中发现了外来鱼类，其中100％存在于黑山。在所有部位，粉刺消失，变质下降。只有鱼类能解释这些种群变化，因为诸如干燥等其他因素并不重要。更具灾难性的是，鱼类引进发生在已知能够支持最大数量的new类甚至某些地方性亚种的生境中。如果不采取管理和立法措施停止鱼类放养，在国家和国际层面保护象形文字作为保护单位，并恢复自然栖息地，则所有最大的象形种群可能在不久的将来消失。它们的消失将代表种内异质性的罕见，迷人的例子之一的丧失。

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