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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Effects of human exclusion on parasitism in intertidal food webs of central Chile
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Effects of human exclusion on parasitism in intertidal food webs of central Chile

机译：人类排斥对智利中部潮间带食物网中寄生虫的影响

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Numerous ecological studies have demonstrated the dramatic effects that humans have on coastal marine ecosystems. Consequently, marine reserves have been established to preserve biodiversity. Recent reviews show that this strategy has paid off because inside reserves, most species have rapidly increased in size and abundance. Even though these studies focused on free-living organisms and paid little attention to parasite populations, numerous authors support the hypothesis that parasitism levels could be good indicators of ecosystem stability. We examined harvesting effects on the dynamics of a parasitic trematode (Proctoeces lintoni) that completes its life cycle in intertidal mussels (Perumytilus purpuratus), keyhole limpets (Fissurella crassa), and clingfish ( Sicyases sanguineus). All of these species are directly or indirectly affected by humans. Prevalence and abundance of the trematode P. lintoni in the three host species were compared in four study sites that differed in the intensity of human harvest. Parasitism infection in limpets and mussels was significantly higher in areas protected from human harvesting than in open-access areas, which suggests a significant change in parasite dynamics inside reserves. Yet the average parasitic biomass found in the gonads of F. crassa did not differ between protected and open-access areas. These results show, then, that the parasite system responded by increasing infection rates in marine protected areas without implication for reproductive success of the intermediate host. Our findings show that the indirect effects of harvesting by humans on the embedded parasite communities of littoral ecosystems require further scientific investigation.
机译：大量的生态研究已经证明了人类对沿海海洋生态系统的巨大影响。因此，已经建立了海洋保护区来保护生物多样性。最近的评论表明，这种策略已经取得了成功，因为在自然保护区中，大多数物种的大小和数量都在迅速增加。尽管这些研究关注的是自由活动的生物，很少关注寄生虫种群，但许多作者仍支持以下假设：寄生虫水平可能是生态系统稳定性的良好指标。我们检查了收获对寄生吸虫（Proctoeces lintoni）动力学的影响，该吸虫在潮间贻贝（Perumytilus purpuratus），匙孔lim（Fissurella crassa）和粘鱼（Sicyases sanguineus）中完成了生命周期。所有这些物种都直接或间接地受到人类的影响。在四个人类采摘强度不同的研究地点，比较了三种寄主物种中的线虫吸虫的患病率和丰度。在不受人类采伐的地区，帽贝和贻贝的寄生虫感染明显高于开放获取地区，这表明保护区内寄生虫的动态发生了显着变化。然而，在F. crassa的性腺中发现的平均寄生生物量在保护区和开放区之间没有差异。因此，这些结果表明，该寄生虫系统通过增加海洋保护区的感染率做出了反应，而没有暗示中间宿主的繁殖成功。我们的发现表明，人类收获对沿海生态系统的嵌入式寄生虫群落的间接影响需要进一步的科学调查。

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