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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Importance of Habitat Quality and Landscape Connectivity for the Persistence of Endangered Natterjack Toads
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Importance of Habitat Quality and Landscape Connectivity for the Persistence of Endangered Natterjack Toads

机译：生境质量和景观连通性对于濒临绝种蟾蜍的持久性的重要性

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The natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) is endangered in several parts of its distribution, including Belgium, where it occurs mainly in artificial habitats. We parameterized a general model for natterjack population viability analysis (PVA) and tested its sensitivity to changes in the values of basic parameters. Then we assessed the relative efficiency of various conservation measures in 2 situations: a small isolated population and a system of 4 populations connected by rare dispersal movements. We based the population viability analysis on a stage-structured model of natterjack population dynamics. We parameterized the model in the RAMAS GIS platform with vital rates obtained from our own field experience and from published studies. Simulated natterjack populations were highly sensitive to habitat quality (particularly pond drying), to dispersal from surrounding local populations, and to a lesser extent to values of fecundity and survival of terrestrial stages. Population trajectories were nearly insensitive to initial abundances, carrying capacities, and the frequency of extreme climatic conditions. The simulations showed that in habitats with highly ephemeral ponds, where premetamorphosis mortality was high, natterjack populations nearly always had a very high extinction risk. We also illustrated how low dispersal rates (<1 dispersing individual/generation) efficiently rescued declining local populations. Such source-sink dynamics demonstrate that the identification and management of source populations should be a high priority.
机译：atter蟾蜍（Bufo calamita）在其分布的几个部分都受到威胁，包括比利时，那里主要发生在人工栖息地。我们参数化了纳特克种群生存力分析（PVA）的通用模型，并测试了其对基本参数值变化的敏感性。然后，我们评估了两种情况下各种保护措施的相对效率：一个孤立的小种群和一个由罕见的分散运动连接的4个种群的系统。我们基于natterjack种群动态的阶段结构模型进行种群生存力分析。我们利用从我们自己的现场经验和已发表的研究中获得的生命率，在RAMAS GIS平台中对模型进行了参数化。模拟的毒atter种群对栖息地质量（尤其是池塘干燥），从周围的当地种群扩散以及对繁殖力和陆生阶段的存活程度较小的高度敏感。人口轨迹对初始丰度，承载能力和极端气候条件的频率几乎不敏感。模拟结果表明，在具有高度短暂池塘的生境中，变态前的死亡率很高，n徒种群几乎总是具有很高的灭绝风险。我们还说明了低分散率（<1个分散的个体/世代）如何有效地挽救了下降的本地人口。这种源库动态表明，对源种群的识别和管理应该是高度优先的。

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