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Mercury contamination of fish and its implications for other wildlife of the Tapajos Basin, Brazilian Amazon

机译：鱼的汞污染及其对巴西亚马逊塔帕霍斯盆地其他野生动植物的影响

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Since 1979 the gold rush in the Brazilian Amazon has caused serious environmental damage to one of the most complex ecosystems on Earth. Mainly due to the toxicity of mercury to humans, this problem has received wide public attention and prompted many studies. Although these studies have involved sampling of fish, the negative effect of mercury contamination to fish themselves and other wildlife has been largely ignored. To assess the present level of mercury contamination of fish, and its implication for fish and other animals, we collected and examined data on mercury concentration in fish of the Brazilian Amazon, especially for the Tapajos basin, between 1991 and 1996. We conclude that omnivores and piscivores that live nearer to gold mining areas in the Tapajos basin are already at high risk of mercury toxification, especially reproductive failure. Mercury concentrations in these fish are also high enough to have detrimental effects on animals at higher trophic levels. The same conclusion applies to other mercury-contaminated areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Because most Amazonian rivers or their tributaries have favorable conditions for mercury contamination, we can expect the problem to persist in the Amazon for a long time, and the consequences are likely to become more significant in the future. These conclusions have important implications for all tropical rainforests where gold mining operations have caused extensive mercury pollution. [References: 46]
机译：自1979年以来，巴西亚马逊河的淘金热已经对地球上最复杂的生态系统之一造成了严重的环境破坏。主要由于汞对人类的毒性，这个问题已引起了公众的广泛关注，并促使进行了许多研究。尽管这些研究涉及鱼的采样，但是汞污染对鱼本身和其他野生生物的负面影响已被大大忽略。为了评估鱼类中汞污染的当前水平及其对鱼类和其他动物的影响，我们收集并检查了1991年至1996年之间巴西亚马逊河（特别是Tapajos盆地）鱼类中的汞浓度数据。我们得出结论，杂食动物住在塔帕霍斯盆地金矿产区附近的食草动物已经面临着汞毒害的高风险，特别是生殖衰竭。这些鱼中的汞浓度也很高，足以对营养水平较高的动物产生不利影响。相同的结论也适用于巴西亚马逊地区的其他汞污染地区。由于大多数亚马逊河或其支流都具有良好的汞污染条件，因此我们可以预料该问题将在亚马逊河中长期存在，并且后果可能在未来变得更加严重。这些结论对所有热带金矿开采造成汞污染的热带雨林都具有重要意义。 [参考：46]

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