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A Protocol for eliciting nonmaterial values through a cultural ecosystem services frame

机译：通过文化生态系统服务框架激发非物质价值的议定书

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Stakeholders' nonmaterial desires, needs, and values often critically influence the success of conservation projects. These considerations are challenging to articulate and characterize, resulting in their limited uptake in management and policy. We devised an interview protocol designed to enhance understanding of cultural ecosystem services (CES). The protocol begins with discussion of ecosystem-related activities (e.g., recreation, hunting) and management and then addresses CES, prompting for values encompassing concepts identified in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and explored in other CES research. We piloted the protocol in Hawaii and British Columbia. In each location, we interviewed 30 individuals from diverse backgrounds. We analyzed results from the 2 locations to determine the effectiveness of the interview protocol in elucidating nonmaterial values. The qualitative and spatial components of the protocol helped characterize cultural, social, and ethical values associated with ecosystems in multiple ways. Maps and situational, or vignette-like, questions helped respondents articulate difficult-to-discuss values. Open-ended prompts allowed respondents to express a diversity of ecosystem-related values and proved sufficiently flexible for interviewees to communicate values for which the protocol did not explicitly probe. Finally, the results suggest that certain values, those mentioned frequently throughout the interview, are particularly salient for particular populations. The protocol can provide efficient, contextual, and place-based data on the importance of particular ecosystem attributes for human well-being. Qualitative data are complementary to quantitative and spatial assessments in the comprehensive representation of people's values pertaining to ecosystems, and this protocol may assist in incorporating values frequently overlooked in decision making processes.
机译：利益相关者的非物质欲望，需求和价值通常会严重影响保护项目的成功。这些考虑因素难以明确表达和特征化，导致它们在管理和政策上的采用受到限制。我们设计了一个访谈协议，旨在增进对文化生态系统服务（CES）的理解。该协议首先讨论了与生态系统相关的活动（例如娱乐，狩猎）和管理，然后讨论了CES，并提出了包含《千年生态系统评估》（2005）中确定并在其他CES研究中探索的概念的价值。我们在夏威夷和不列颠哥伦比亚省试用了该协议。在每个地点，我们采访了来自不同背景的30个人。我们分析了两个位置的结果，以确定访谈协议在阐明非物质价值方面的有效性。该协议的质量和空间组成部分以多种方式帮助表征了与生态系统相关的文化，社会和道德价值观。地图和情境或类似小插图的问题帮助受访者表达了难以讨论的价值观。不限成员名额的提示使受访者能够表达与生态系统有关的价值的多样性，并被证明足以灵活地使受访者传达协议未明确探讨的价值。最后，结果表明，某些价值（在整个采访中经常提及）对于特定人群特别重要。该协议可以提供有关特定生态系统属性对人类福祉重要性的有效，基于上下文和基于位置的数据。定性数据是对与生态系统相关的人们价值的全面表示的定量和空间评估的补充，并且该协议可能有助于纳入在决策过程中经常被忽视的价值。

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