首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Translocation as a tool for mitigating conflict with leopards in human-dominated landscapes of India [La Translocación como una Herramienta para Mitigar Conflictos con Leopardos en Paisajes Dominados por Humanos en India]
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Translocation as a tool for mitigating conflict with leopards in human-dominated landscapes of India [La Translocación como una Herramienta para Mitigar Conflictos con Leopardos en Paisajes Dominados por Humanos en India]

机译:易位是缓解印度人为主导的景观与豹冲突的工具[易位是缓解印度人为主导的景观与豹冲突的工具]

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We examined the efficacy of a translocation program in which large numbers of leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) were trapped in human-dominated landscapes where livestock attacks were common and human attacks rare and released into adjoining forested areas in an attempt to reduce leopard presence and mitigate conflicts at the capture site. In the year starting in February of 2001, 29 leopards were captured in the human-dominated rural landscape of the Junnar region (4275 km~2, 185 people/km~2), Maharashtra, India, and released an average of 39.5 km away in adjoining forests. Eleven leopards were also relocated to the same forests from other districts. Prior to the large-scale translocation program, an average of four leopard attacks on humans occurred each year between 1993 and 2001. After the translocation program was initiated, the average increased substantially to 17 attacks. Linear and logistic models showed that attack frequency increased in Junnar following nearby releases of leopards and decreased when leopards were removed for releases far away; that attacks became more lethal when the number of leopards introduced from other districts increased; and that attacks were most likely to occur in the regions where the largest number of leopards had been introduced from other areas. These results suggest that leopards did not stay at the release sites and that translocation induced attacks on people. Potential explanations for these results include increased aggression induced by stress of the translocation process, movement through unfamiliar human-dominated landscapes following release, and loss of fear of humans due to familiarity with humans acquired during captivity. Our results show that reactive solutions to attacks on humans by leopards, such as translocation, could in fact increase human-leopard conflict. Measures to reduce human-carnivore conflicts may include more effective compensation procedures to pay livestock owners for the loss of animals to predation by carnivores, providing better methods of protection for livestock, and encouraging greater social acceptance of the presence of carnivores in human-dominated landscapes.
机译:我们检查了迁移计划的功效,在该计划中,大量豹子(Panthera pardus fusca)被困在以人为主导的景观中,在这些景观中,牲畜受到袭击,人为袭击罕见,并被释放到毗邻的林区,以减少豹子的存在并减轻其影响。捕获站点发生冲突。从2001年2月开始的一年中,在印度马哈拉施特拉邦的Junnar地区(4275 km〜2,185人/ km〜2)的人为主导的乡村景观中捕获了29头豹,平均释放了39.5 km在毗邻的森林中。十一只豹子也从其他地区迁移到了相同的森林中。在大规模迁移计划之前,1993年至2001年之间,每年平均发生四起豹子袭击人类的事件。启动迁移计划后,平均数量大幅增加至17次。线性和逻辑模型表明,在附近的豹子释放后,Junnar的攻击频率增加,而在远处释放豹子时,攻击频率降低。当其他地区引进的豹子数量增加时,袭击变得更加致命;这种攻击最有可能发生在从其他地区引进豹子最多的地区。这些结果表明,豹子没有停留在释放地点,易位导致了对人的攻击。这些结果的可能解释包括易位过程的压力引起的侵略性增加,释放后穿越陌生的人类主导景观以及由于被囚禁期间对人类的熟悉而失去对人类的恐惧。我们的结果表明,对豹子袭击人类的反应性解决方案(例如易位)实际上可能会增加人豹的冲突。减少人类食肉动物冲突的措施可能包括更有效的补偿程序,向食肉动物所有者补偿食肉动物捕食的动物,提供更好的牲畜保护方法,并鼓励社会更多地接受食肉动物在人类主导的景观中的存在。

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