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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Unintended Cultivation, Shifting Baselines, and Conflict between Objectives for Fisheries and Conservation
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Unintended Cultivation, Shifting Baselines, and Conflict between Objectives for Fisheries and Conservation

机译：意外的种植，基线的变化以及渔业和养护目标之间的冲突

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The effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, and their capacity to drive shifts in ecosystem states, have been widely documented. Less well appreciated is that some commercially valuable species respond positively to fishing-induced ecosystem change and can become important fisheries resources in modified ecosystems. Thus, the ecological effects of one fishery can unintentionally increase the abundance and productivity of other fished species (i.e., cultivate). We reviewed examples of this effect in the peer-reviewed literature. We found 2 underlying ecosystem drivers of the effect: trophic release of prey species when predators are overfished and habitat change. Key ecological, social, and economic conditions required for one fishery to unintentionally cultivate another include strong top-down control of prey by predators, the value of the new fishery, and the capacity of fishers to adapt to a new fishery. These unintended cultivation effects imply strong trade-offs between short-term fishery success and conservation efforts to restore ecosystems toward baseline conditions because goals for fisheries and conservation may be incompatible. Conflicts are likely to be exacerbated if fisheries baselines shift relative to conservation baselines and there is investment in the new fishery. However, in the long-term, restoration toward ecosystem baselines may often benefit both fishery and conservation goals. Unintended cultivation can be identified and predicted using a combination of timeseries data, dietary studies, models of food webs, and socioeconomic data. Identifying unintended cultivation is necessary for management to set compatible goals for fisheries and conservation.
机译：渔业对海洋生态系统的影响及其推动生态系统状态转变的能力已得到广泛记录。鲜为人知的是，一些具有商业价值的物种对捕捞引起的生态系统变化具有积极的反应，并可能成为改良生态系统中重要的渔业资源。因此，一种渔业的生态影响会无意间增加其他渔业物种（即养殖物种）的丰度和生产力。我们在同行评审的文献中回顾了这种效果的例子。我们发现了造成这种影响的两个潜在的生态系统驱动因素：捕食过度时捕食性物种的营养释放和栖息地的变化。一种渔业无意识地种植另一种渔业所需的关键生态，社会和经济条件包括：捕食者对自上而下的捕食者进行强有力的自上而下的控制，新渔业的价值以及渔民适应新渔业的能力。这些意想不到的养殖效果意味着短期渔业成功与为使生态系统恢复至基准条件而进行的养护工作之间的重大折衷，因为渔业和养护的目标可能不相容。如果渔业基准相对于养护基准发生变化，并且对新的渔业进行了投资，则冲突可能会加剧。但是，从长远来看，朝着生态系统基准恢复通常可能同时有利于渔业和保护目标。可以使用时间序列数据，饮食研究，食物网模型和社会经济数据的组合来识别和预测意外种植。识别意外养殖对管理人员设定渔业和保护目标是必要的。

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